External characteristics of the lateral aspect of the hoof differ between non-lame and lame horses

During a pre-purchase examination (PPE) there is always a debate about how clinical findings of the hoof different from ideal should be interpreted in relation to future lameness risk and/or unsuitability of the horse for the potential purchaser. The objectives of this study were to describe and compare external angular measurements, linear ratios and hoof capsule characteristics of non-lame and lame feet. Photographs of feet from 300 horses with foot pain and 25 non-lame horses were analysed. Hoof wall, heel and coronary band angles and hoof wall length and height, weight-bearing length, coronary band length and height of the coronary band at dorsal and palmar locations were measured and expressed as linear ratios.Mean hoof wall, heel and coronary band angles were larger in lame compared with non-lame feet; only the ratio of dorsal to palmar coronary band heights and the shape of the coronary band were significantly different between lame and non-lame horses. Growth rings were divergent and horn tubules were non-parallel in lameness of >3 months. At a PPE, a larger ratio of dorsal to palmar coronary band heights in one limb may be indicative of previous lameness in that foot. Changes in coronary band shape and divergent growth rings and horn tubules would suggest a longer duration.     

西宁地区草坪建植当年秋季修剪对分蘖和越冬率的影响

2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 1年对建植当年的混播草坪采用不同的停止修剪时期和修剪强度的试验。结果表明 :在8月底以前与这之后的停止修剪处理间越冬率差异显著 (p <0 .0 5 ) ,并随着修剪时间的延迟 ,越冬率降低 ;处理间秋季分蘖随着修剪的延续呈现为增加趋势 ( 1 7.6%～ 33.8% )但未达到显著水平 (p >0 .0 5 ) ;延迟修剪明显降低了春季分蘖率 (p <0 .0 5 )。秋季修剪间隔期的长短对越冬率、秋季分蘖亦存在明显影响。 1 0d间隔修剪处理 ,秋季分蘖明显增加 ,平均单株分蘖数达到 0 .74个 (p <0 .0 5 ) ,越冬率降至 2 2 .2 %。表明频繁修剪促进了秋季分蘖 ,但减少了主茎根和分蘖节中的物质积累 ,这是导致草坪越冬率降低的主要原因。因此 ,在西宁地区草坪建植当年秋季修剪应在 9月初停止 ,并适当延长秋季修剪间隔期。     

通过修剪调控露地宿根花卉花期的试验研究

[目的]为调控露地宿根花卉的花期探索可行的园艺措施。[方法]修剪等简单园艺措施可使部分宿根花卉二次开花,利用这一特点通过修剪试验研究14种宿根花卉的花期调控。[结果]在自然花期修剪的植物中,花期调控效果优良的是穗花婆婆纳、大花金鸡菊、宿根福禄考、黑心菊、蓍草、桔梗;一般的是红花钓钟柳、紫花鼠尾草、蒲公英、千屈菜、荆芥;较差的是月见草、‘金娃娃’萱草;飞蓬修剪后不再开花。在自然花期的末花期修剪的植物中,花期调控效果优良的是穗花婆婆纳;一般的是紫花鼠尾草、红花钓钟柳、蒲公英;较差的是月见草。在现蕾期或初花期修剪的植物中,花期调控效果优良的是大花金鸡菊、宿根福禄考、桔梗、黑心菊、蓍草;一般的是千屈菜、荆芥;较差的是‘金娃娃’萱草。[结论]简单修剪后,14种宿根花卉中大部分的花期都延长了。     

拉枝与环割对泡泡树枝梢生长与成花的影响

2005-2007年在泡泡幼树上进行环割、拉枝开角试验,结果证明：拉枝开角60°可明显缓和树势,降低发枝部位,增加有效枝量和有效花数量,促进泡泡树早实丰产。     

高羊茅草坪管理模式的优化

通过对高羊茅草坪不同修剪高度及不同施肥时期的比较研究,挑选最能影响草坪品质的抗逆性、密度、绿期作为试验的观察项目。研究结果表明:高羊茅草坪在修剪高度为5cm时最优,施肥时期以春季、秋季、霜前3次施用效果最佳。     

柞树修剪方法的研究

对柞树进行多年修剪试验的结果表明,改变传统的砍伐方法,采用合理修剪的方法(定树型、定主干、定侧枝、定芽枝修剪法),可以促进柞枝萌发,增强树势,提高柞叶产量和品质,提高柞坡覆盖度和土壤有机质含量.     

Comparison of the trimming procedure of six different farriers by quantitative evaluation of hoof radiographs

Hoof preparation and shoe fit are integral to the long term soundness and athletic ability of horses. The farrier influences the balance of the hoof by both the trimming and the shoeing procedure. The goal of this study was to investigate and quantify the influence of the farrier on hoof parameters by trimming. Forty Warmblood horses ranging in age from 6–12 years and withers height 162–172 cm were included. They were divided into six groups consisting of six or seven horses each, shod by one of six different farriers. The hoofs of the horses were radiographed twice using a standardised method before and after trimming. Measurements were taken from digitalised radiographs using a software program.Significant differences were identified between farriers for almost all parameters on the lateromedial radiographic views after two consecutive trimming procedures. Comparing the results of both trimming procedures, significant differences for several farriers were found in the lateromedial and dorsopalmar views. There were significant differences for most of the measured hoof parameters between the six farriers and between consecutive trimmings of the same farrier. The results underline the individual influence of the farrier on hoof shape and balance.     

枣树早果优质稳产栽培技术

通过在我国北方新植枣区的调查研究和文献资料分析,针对枣树生产中存在的主要问题,从选择适宜品种、定植建园、整形修剪、花果管理及预防枣裂果等几个关键环节入手,提出了枣树早果、丰产、优质、稳产栽培技术。     

城市树木整形修剪技术探讨

通过在乌鲁木齐市各大绿地、公园的调查研究,查阅相关书籍文献,笔者对部分园林树木修剪管理中几个误区进行阐述:第一,以圆冠榆、倒榆为例,分析树木分枝习性及冠形与修剪的关系;第二,以紫丁香、重瓣榆叶梅等观花类树木为例,通过具体的实验,反映了修剪对花芽分化、开花的影响以及安全修剪期的确定;第三,以圆冠榆、小叶白蜡为例,介绍了大树移植过程中由于修剪不当,破坏了树形的现象,并提出正确的修剪方法;第四,幼树的修剪应该保留一定数量的叶片进行光合作用,提供其正常发育所需营养。以上几点是很多园林工作者容易忽视的问题。笔者希望这些案例,能为园林养护管理者提供一些借鉴。       

管理措施对华北驼绒藜结实率和千粒重的影响

运用修剪、疏枝、大量元素肥料追施以及微量元素喷施技术处理华北驼绒藜(Ceratoides arborescens),通过测定结实率和种子千粒重探讨管理措施对多年生牧草结实及种子质量的影响.结果表明:雄花现蕾前修剪枝条种子千粒重显著低于对照(P<0.05),结实率差异不显著,雄花现蕾后修剪枝条结实率、千粒重均显著提高(P<0.05);保留5个生殖枝/株和10个生殖枝/株较对照显著提高了结实率和千粒重(P<0.05);施氮肥处理结实率和千粒重均显著高于对照(P<0.05),施钾肥处理结实率与对照差异不明显;追施B肥能显著提高结实率(P<0.05),Mn肥和4种微量元素的混合液显著降低结实率(P<0.05),B,Zn,Mo和Mn肥单独使用均能明显提高种子千粒重(P<0.05),混合使用显著降低千粒重(P<0.05).通过对植株自身资源的调控和外配营养来提高结实和种子质量说明华北驼绒藜结实存在资源的限制,适当疏枝使华北驼绒藜侧枝数、结实率和种子千粒重发生超补偿生长,在长期的进化过程中华北驼绒藜可以根据资源的有效性,在结实率和个体大小之间权衡,调整资源分配,确保最大的生殖适合度,具有复杂的繁殖对策.