火炬松材性变异规律的初步研究

对生长于广西南宁地区相同环境下来自美国的１８个种源１０年生火炬松的材性进行了研究。包括：材笥的种源变异。材性的地理变异模式及其与原产地气候因子的相互关系，材性因子间及其与生长因子、形态因子的相关分析。     

针叶树材管胞气体渗透流阻及其渗透系数

针对树材气体渗透性与气体在管胞中的流动特性和规律紧密相关，研究管胞的气体渗透流阻，可以获得关于针叶树材气体渗透性更深入的认识。本文从针叶树材管胞解剖结构出发，运用流体力学理论，导出了管胞3个纹理方向渗透气体流阻的数学表达式，并由此计算了针叶树材管胞的气体渗透系数。计算结果表明，管胞流阻可以描述气体渗透阻力的分布情况，反映气体渗透性在3个纹理方向的差异，在木材细胞层次揭示针叶树材气体渗透性的机制。     

落叶松管胞形态与气候变化关系的实证分析

为了对落叶松营林措施的正确设计和科学实施提供依据,运用协整分析法分析、探讨了落叶松管胞形态特征与气候因素之间的有机联系.研究结果表明:落叶松管胞形态特征与气候因素之间存在长期均衡的协整关系和短期动态调整机制,除了早材管胞壁厚度外,其它指标与气候因素之间的协整关系均达到显著水平.1973-2003年全球气候变暖引起的2月和3月平均气温的升高对于落叶松的管胞长度增加有显著影响,误差修正模型和格兰杰检验显示:2月气温短期内对早材管胞长度增加的影响存在4a的滞后期,3月气温短期内对晚材管胞长度增加的影响存在7 a的滞后期.2月和3月的日照时间减少,7月份的日照时间增加,有利于增加早材管胞直径,却不利于增加晚材管胞直径.7月份的日照时间增加也有利于增加晚材管胞壁厚,但是日照时间对管胞形态特征的滞后影响没有达到显著水平.降水量与管胞形态特征之间的协整关系也没有达到显著水平.     

人工林红松管胞形态对气候变化的响应

运用响应函数分析法,研究了人工林红松管胞形态对前1年4月至当年9月的气候因子变化的响应.结果表明:研究选取的气候因子变化与红松管胞壁厚、早材管胞长度和晚材管胞直径的相关关系没有达到显著水平,但是与早材管胞直径和晚材管胞长度存的相关关系达到了显著水平.气候变化对早材管胞直径径向变异的影响程度达52.8%,对晚材管胞长度径向变异的影响程度达72.2%.早材管胞直径和晚材管胞长度对气候变化响应并不一致.早材管胞直径主要对当年4～6月份的降水量响应强烈,当年4月、5月份的降水量增加有利于早材管胞直径的形成,但是6月降水增加会抑制早材管胞直径的形成.晚材管胞长度主要对当年6月的气温和地温响应强烈,6月温度升高有利于晚材管胞的伸长.另外,前1年9月日照时间和前1年10月相对湿度对管胞的形成有显著的滞后影响.     

杉木材性株内的变异Ⅱ.管胞形态的变异

对浙江产杉木株内不同高度和圆周不同方位上木材的管胞长度、宽度、长宽比的径向变异模式和木材力学性质与管胞形态的相关关系进行了测定和分析。结果表明：管胞长度、宽度和长宽比的径向变异模式，在株内不同高度和圆周不同方位上大致相似（长宽比在不同方位上除外），管胞形态与年龄呈显著正相关（在０．０１水平）。广义方差分析表明在株内不同高度上，管胞长度、宽度、长宽比差异不显著；在圆周不同方位上长宽比差异显著，其余两项末表现出显著差异；不同年龄间管胞长度、宽度、长宽比均差异显著。在不同高度上，三项力学性质中，只有抗弯强度和管胞长度０．０５水平显著相关，其余相关不显著。     

油松管胞形态特征的变异

本文研究分析了山西中条山产地油松管胞形态特征的变异。管胞长度自髓心向外,首先迅速增加,13年后管胞长度增加缓慢,20年后保持相对稳定。管胞长度沿树干主轴自基部向上逐渐增加,5.3m高处最长,然后向上变短,树冠区域管胞长度最短。形成层原始细胞长度随着原始细胞年增大,开始递增,达到最大值后又递减。管胞直径、胞壁厚度自髓心向外增加。管胞直径轴向变化由树干基部开始向上增大,然后又减小。管胞长宽比、壁腔比的径向变异与管胞长度的径向变异模式相似。生长轮内管胞长度从早材到晚材,开始减小,然后增加,最小值位于早晚材过渡处。     

The effect of day length on diurnal differences in the innermost surface of the S2 layer in differentiating tracheids

This article describes the effect of day length during the photoperiodic cycle on the diurnal differences in the innermost surface of developing secondary walls. Saplings of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don. were grown in growth chambers at constant temperature and relative humidity, but with different photoperiods. Samples of differentiating xylem were collected during the light and dark periods. The innermost surface of developing secondary walls in differentiating tracheids were observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy, and observations made during the light and dark periods were compared. In the saplings grown under long-day or short-day conditions, diurnal differences in aspects of the innermost surface of developing secondary walls were observed. Cellulose microfibrils were observed on the innermost surface of developing secondary walls during the light period when the volumes of differentiating cells were low, and amorphous material was observed during the dark period, when differentiating tracheids were turgid. The amorphous material was labeled with antiglucomannan antiserum. These results suggest that the range of day-length conditions set in this study does not affect the diurnal periodicity in the supply of cell wall components to the innermost surface of developing secondary walls.     

日本花柏木材管胞形态特征的变异

管胞长度自髓心向外,1～11a迅速增加,11a后管胞长度增加缓慢,11～26a保持相对稳定,26a后有少许的波动;管胞长度沿树干自基部向上逐渐增加,3.3～5.3m处达到最大,然后向上变短,树冠区域管胞长度最短。管胞直径与胞壁厚度在径向上变异模式基本相同,径向上从髓心向外先增加后稳定,但是胞壁厚度变化幅度比较平稳;轴向上管胞直径先有少许的增加后减少,胞壁厚度则基本呈减少趋势。管胞长宽比径向变异与管胞长度的类似,也是在11a后趋向稳定。管胞壁腔比在径向上先增加后减少,但是相对于其它性状来说,其变异模式波动较大。日本花柏平均管胞长度为1.94mm,管胞直径为27.8μm,胞壁厚度4.89μm,长宽比61.0,壁腔比0.192,为优良的造纸原料。其木材幼龄期为11a,且幼龄材与成熟材的差异大。     

Transverse shape analysis of xylem ground tissues by Fourier transform image analysis I: trial for statistical expression of cell arrangements with fluctuation

Periodic cell arrangements of tracheids in Cryptomeria japonica and Agathis sp., and that of wood fibers in Magnolia obovata were examined by Fourier transform image analysis (FTIA). The angular distribution functions on power spectral patterns (PSPs) transformed from the dot maps were traced. As well as this conventional method, we developed the line convolution method and domain transformation for more correct analysis of radial and tangential arrangements. Cell arrangements became clear in Cryptomeria and Agathis. Fluctuations were expressed by the standard deviation (σ) or the relative standard deviation (σ_r) so that we could compare the characteristics of both woods. In Cryptomeria, the most provable distance between tracheids along radial files was 36.7 µm with 17% fluctuation, whereas the tangential interval was 28.3 µm with σ_r of 24%. In Agathis, the radial diameter was 35.1 µm with σ_r of 23% and the tangential interval was 41.5 µm with σ_r of 23%. In Magnolia, the maximal periodicity of wood fibers was 15.8 µm and 20.5 µm along and between radial files, respectively, although the fluctuations could not be estimated because of the remarkable interruptions by numerous vessels.     

鲁东南引种火炬松人工林生长特性与材性变异

报道了我国鲁东南引种栽培火炬松18年生人工林生长、材性的变化规律.18年生林分树高为8.2m,胸径为15.38 cm,单株材积均值约为0.05577 m3.树高和胸径的速生期分别为2～5 a、1～9 a,材积连年生长量和平均生长量曲线的交叉点估测在20～25 a后,其数量成熟龄有待进一步确定.基本密度的径向变化由髓心处...