南方小花蝽和黄蓟马的种群动态及捕食功能反应

为明确南方小花蝽和黄蓟马在冬季蚕豆植株上的发生情况及南方小花蝽对黄蓟马的室内捕食控害能力,本试验采用五点取样盘拍法调查了蚕豆植株上黄蓟马及其天敌南方小花蝽的种群密度;在实验室内用捕食功能反应法研究了南方小花蝽雌成虫对黄蓟马成虫和2龄若虫的捕食功能、寻找效应及其自身密度对捕食黄蓟马的干扰反应.结果表明:黄蓟马在3月初达种...     

几种杀虫剂对香蕉花蓟马的田间防治试验

选用60 g/L乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂、5%啶虫脒乳油、480 g/L毒死蜱乳油、450 g/L吡虫啉微乳剂、240 g/L螺虫乙酯悬浮剂、1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油和200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂等7种杀虫剂对香蕉花蓟马进行了田间防治试验。结果表明: 当采用每间隔两天施药时,7种供试药剂对香蕉花蓟马都具一定的防治效果,其中以240 g/L螺虫乙酯悬浮剂0.25ml/L对该虫的防效最高,为87.92%,其次为60 g/L乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂0.67 ml/L,其防效为86.02%,再次是450 g/L吡虫啉微乳剂0.33 ml/L,防效为72.00%;5%啶虫脒乳油0.67ml/L、200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂0.33 ml/L、480 g/L毒死蜱乳油0.5 ml/L、1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油0.33 ml/L对该虫的防效分别为：62.63%、54.48%、51.47%和45.91%,显著低于240 g/L螺虫乙酯悬浮剂和60 g/L乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂。     

昆明地区花卉蓟马种类初报

 作者于1991～1992年调查了昆明地区花卉蓟马.在调查的58种常见花卉中,发现在46种花卉上有蓟马寄生;对蓟马种类进行了鉴定研究.本文记述在昆明地区危害花卉,或在花卉上活动的蓟马6种,及其主要寄主和危害情况;并提出防治方法.     

烟蓟马趋光规律及不同波长色板田间诱捕效果

【目的】在室内、温室和露地3种条件下,通过测定烟蓟马（Thrips tabaci）对不同单色光及不同波长诱虫色板的行为反应,探究对烟蓟马具有最佳趋性的波长、光照强度,以及相关影响因子如性别、日节律、饥饿、温度、相对湿度对烟蓟马趋光行为的影响,为改进诱虫色板及诱虫灯等烟蓟马绿色防控技术和产品提供依据。【方法】首先,室内使用分辨率高、光谱测量范围广、稳定性好的单色仪测试装置测定烟蓟马对10种单色光的行为学趋性,筛选出烟蓟马趋性较强的单色光,并将初始光照强度通过中性密度滤光片衰减,探究光照强度对烟蓟马趋光行为的影响。其次,以烟蓟马趋光率为统计指标,探究性别、日节律、饥饿、温度、相对湿度对烟蓟马趋光行为的影响。根据室内试验结果,利用Dan Bruton虚拟波长及RGB值的函数关系,打印出相应波长的蓝色和黄色诱虫色板,涂胶制板。评价温室和露地条件下,烟蓟马对不同波长自制色板及不同厂家生产色板的趋性。【结果】室内试验结果显示,烟蓟马对450 nm的蓝色光趋性最强,趋光率高达75.34%,其次为562 nm的黄色光以及430 nm的蓝紫色光,趋光率分别为73.61%和64.03%。在430、450、562 nm单色光刺激下,烟蓟马雌虫的趋光性均强于雄虫。光强衰减试验结果表明,随着光照强度增加,烟蓟马趋性增强。在上午8:30—10:00时,烟蓟马对430、450、562 nm单色光最为敏感。饥饿4 h后,烟蓟马的趋光性最强,之后随着饥饿时间的延长,趋光性降低。温度为25—30℃时,烟蓟马对3种单色光趋性极显著高于对照组;15℃时,烟蓟马对单色光的刺激均不敏感。相对湿度为45%—60%时,烟蓟马对430、450、562 nm单色光的趋性均显著强于对照组,而在相对湿度为30%和90%时,烟蓟马对单色光的趋性与对照组均无显著差异。通过在温室和露地中应用不同波长色板及不同厂家生产的诱虫色板对烟蓟马的诱集效果比较,结果发现450 nm的蓝色自制诱虫色板和反射波长为440—470 nm的2#诱虫色板均对烟蓟马诱虫效果最佳,此试验结果与室内筛选的最佳波长高度吻合。【结论】性别、日节律、饥饿、温度和相对湿度对烟蓟马的趋光行为均有一定的影响。室内光谱光强和诱虫色板试验均表明烟蓟马对450 nm蓝色光以及波长在450 nm左右的蓝色诱虫色板有明显的趋性,450 nm左右的蓝色诱虫色板可用于监测和防治烟蓟马。     

温室早春茬黄瓜烟蓟马和瓜型棉蚜发生动态及空间分布

以"京研迷你2号"黄瓜为试材,以日光温室中烟蓟马和瓜型棉蚜为研究对象,调查了早春茬黄瓜从定植到拉秧期间2种害虫的发生动态及空间分布,以期为黄瓜害虫的有效防治提供科学依据。结果表明:温室日平均温度稳定在20℃以后,烟蓟马与瓜型棉蚜种群数量开始逐渐上升。烟蓟马种群数量呈逻辑斯蒂增长,瓜型棉蚜种群数量呈指数型增长,烟蓟马和瓜型棉蚜在黄瓜上的空间分布型为负二项分布。在日光温室内烟蓟马的分布随时间变化明显;而瓜型棉蚜以温室西部种群数量最大。     

节瓜蓟马的新天敌——中华微刺盲蝽

首次发现中华微刺盲蝽Campylomma chinensis Schwh捕食节瓜蓟马Thrips palmi Karny且对田间节瓜蓟马种群数量的减少起重要作用。本文研究了该虫的形态特征、捕食过程和取食范围。结果表明中华微刺盲蝽为多食性昆虫，能取食多种小型昆虫及多种昆虫的卵：在田间，中华微刺盲蝽与节瓜蓟马数量的跟随现象明显；通过释入盲蝽，能使节瓜蓟马种群数量减少。     

Effects of a juvenile hormone analog,pyriproxyfen, on Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Effects of a juvenile hormone analog, pyriproxyfen, on various developmental stadia of the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, were determined on cabbage leaves in the laboratory. Pyriproxyfen was applied at 0.064 or 0.128 g AI liter(-1) on leaves (residual contact-ingestion), thrips (direct contact) and leaf-thrips (residue contact-ingestion-direct contact). Pyriproxyfen did not have any significant lethal effects on thrips pupae in any treatment. Lethal effects on thrips larvae varied depending on application method and dosage. In the leaf and the leaf-thrips treatments, few larvae and pre-pupae molted to the next stage, and none developed to adults. In contrast, in the thrips-only treatment, pyriproxyfen did not show any significant lethal effects. The developmental times of larvae and pre-pupae were prolonged when larvae were treated with pyriproxyfen, and those of pre-pupae and pupae were shortened when pre-pupae and pupae were treated. The longevity and survival rates of thrips adults were generally shorter when they contacted and ingested pyriproxyfen-treated leaves than those in water control. Significantly fewer progeny (0.22-1.15 larvae per female) were produced by females that had fed on and been in contact with the pyriproxyfen-treated leaves than by those in the water control (11.94 larvae per female). However, the number of progeny produced by the thrips females increased significantly (3.32-7.28 larvae per female) when the females were transferred to untreated leaves after feeding on treated leaves for 5 days; the daily larval hatching pattern was similar to those in water control, indicating that female adults were able to produce viable eggs when untreated food was offered.     

黄胸蓟马对香蕉的危害及其防治

１９９６～１９９７年在香蕉花期调查结果表明,黄胸蓟马在广州地区香蕉园中普遍存在,香蕉花感虫率达１００％,平均每花苞感虫８２．８头。感虫数与花苞着生高度有关,以高度１２０～１４０ｃｍ的花苞感虫数最高,以后随高度的增加剧减。黄胸蓟马只危害稍开和已开的第１至第４苞片内花段,且虫口数由外向里递减。园中杂草有助于蓟马对香蕉花的危害,平均每花苞虫口数多杂草蕉园比管理精细的无杂草园多３．６倍。室内药效试验结果表明,毒死蜱、乐果、丁基克百威和灭多威对黄胸蓟马有很好的毒杀效果,氯氰菊酯和顺式氯氰菊酯效果不理想。     

甘蔗蓟马防治新农药试验

采用多种新农药进行甘蔗蓟马防治试验。结果表明,绿园、伊维能有效防治甘蔗蓟马,防效均达80%以上,是进行甘蔗蓟马防治较为有效的药剂。     

中华微刺盲蝽对节瓜蓟马的捕食效应

通过室内试验研究了中华微刺盲蝽 (CampylommachinensisSchuh)对节瓜蓟马若虫的捕食功能反应 ,并通过室内模拟和田间调查研究了微刺盲蝽的空间捕食效应 ,建立了捕食功能反应模型 .结果表明 :微刺盲蝽 4、5龄若虫对节瓜蓟马的功能反应属HollingⅡ型 ,微刺盲蝽成虫对节瓜蓟马若虫的功能反应属HollingⅠ型 ;盲蝽的各个虫态中 ,捕食能力大小顺序为 :成虫 >5龄若虫 >4龄若虫 >低龄若虫 .中华微刺盲蝽是我国南方控制瓜类和茄类害虫节瓜蓟马最有潜力的天敌之一