Effect of thiacloprid against the potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

The effect of the chloronicotinyl insecticide (thiacloprid 480 SC) was evaluated to determine its potential in controlling the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella. Application of thiacloprid at various concentrations (0.1–0.4 ml/l) on different age groups of eggs (1–4.5 day-old) had no effect on egg hatchability. However, slight embryocidal effect was noted in all egg age groups exposed to 0.4 ml/l concentration. Egg incubation period was increased (20%) when 4–4.5 day-old eggs were treated with thiacloprid at a rate of 0.4 ml/l compared with the untreated control. Thiacloprid was effective in reducing larval survival on potato seedlings or adults emergence from potatoes, exhibiting activity for at least 14 days after application. When already infected potato seedlings or tubers were treated with thiacloprid at a rate of 0.4 ml/l, adult emergence was decreased. Larvae that hatched from thiacloprid-treated eggs and fed, untreated tubers, encountered some difficulties in surviving and emerging as adults. Our data suggest that potato plants or tubers treated with thiacloprid at a commonly used rate (0.4 ml/l) should be well protected from the possibility of infestations by the potato tuber moth. Publication of this article was held up owing to technical problems. The publisher apologizes sincerely for this lengthy delay.     

噻虫啉杀虫剂防治星天牛试验研究

该实验主要包括噻虫啉室内毒力测试实验和室内及室外的持效性实验,室内毒力测试主要是测试不同浓度的2%噻虫啉悬浮剂对星天牛的毒力,室内及室外的持效性实验主要测试一定浓度的2%噻虫啉悬浮剂对星天牛的毒力持续时间。毒力测试和持效性实验结果表明:2%噻虫啉试剂对星天牛有较强的触杀能力,LC50=0.032807mg/mL;室外噻虫啉药力的持续时间为1个月左右,室内一般为2个月。     

绿色威雷·吡虫啉和噻虫啉对枯死木松褐天牛成虫的防治效果

[目的]筛选枯死木内松褐天牛成虫防治效果较好的药剂。[方法]采用绿色威雷、吡虫啉、噻虫啉和清水处理林间枯死木,测定其对松褐天牛成虫的致死力及对松褐天牛成虫取食量的影响。[结果]绿色威雷对松褐天牛成虫的致死力最大,且对成虫取食量的抑制作用也最强,其次是噻虫啉和吡虫啉,清水效果最差,成虫的取食量也最大,但这4种处理间无显著差异。[结论]试验结果为有效防控林间枯死木内松褐天牛成虫提供了理论依据。     

Effects of alternative pesticides on greenhouse whitefly in protected cultivation

The greenhouse trials were conducted to determine the efficacy of environmentally safe insecticides/fungicides with physical mode of action [Agri-50E (propylene glycol alginate, hydrated) and SB Plant Invigorator] against Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood). The efficacy of Agri-50E on adults and nymphs (first, second, third, and fourth instars) was compared to the commercially available standard Boxer 200 SL (imidacloprid) and an untreated control on greenhouse-grown poinsettia. Insecticides were applied by foliar spraying, Agri-50E (2 or 3 ml/l) two times and Boxer 200 SL (1 ml/l) once. Three and 7 days after first application (DAFA), imidacloprid was more effective than both concentrations of Agri-50E in controlling T. vaporariorum adults, whereas 10 DAFA there were no differences between insecticides. Twelve DAFA, imidacloprid was more effective than Agri-50E in controlling first, second and third instars and after 19 days in controlling second, third, and fourth instars. The results obtained from the poinsettia study, indicated that Agri-50E (2 or 3 ml/l) is successful in controlling T. vaporariorum adults and moderately effective against T. vaporariorum immature stages. In the second experiment, the efficacy of Agri-50E on adults was compared to SB Plant Invigorator (SBPI), the standard treatment Calypso 480 SC (thiacloprid), and an untreated control on greenhouse-grown tomato. Agri-50E (3 ml/l) and SBPI (2 ml/l) were applied four times while Calypso 480 SC (0.4 ml/l) was applied twice. The results obtained from tomato study showed that SBPI was the most effective insecticide against T. vaporariorum adults, followed by Agri-50E and Calypso 480 EC. Beside the ecological benefits, the alternative insecticides Agri-50E and SBPI might have an important role to play in future pest management programs.     

Chemical control of the European tarnished plant bug, Lygus rugulipennis, on strawberry in the UK

European tarnished plant bug, Lygus rugulipennis, is a serious pest on late season strawberries in the UK. Feeding by the pest on the developing fruits causes severe malformation, and over 50% of fruit may be downgraded as a result of capsid feeding in unsprayed crops. A range of compounds was tested against the pest over two years at East Malling Research. In 2008 experiments were conducted on weed plots with high L. rugulipennis populations, and in 2009 were conducted on an everbearer strawberry planting. The 2008 experiments showed that etoxazole had no effect on L. rugulipennis and that although flonicamid and indoxacarb significantly reduced populations they were not as effective as thiacloprid, either with or without a surfactant, or acetamiprid. In the 2009 experiment on strawberry thiacloprid + surfactant, applied twice, was more effective than this treatment applied once, which in turn was more effective than thiacloprid alone. In both years the most effective treatment was the pyrethroid bifenthrin. There was no suggestion that different developmental stages of the pest were more susceptible to the tested insecticides. Thus there was no evidence to suggest that timing applications against specific life stages would significantly improve pest control.     

应用噻虫啉防治板栗栗瘿蜂的初步研究

喷施不同剂量2％噻虫啉微胶囊粉剂在板栗园进行栗瘿蜂防治试验，结果表明：防治效果与噻虫啉的使用剂量成正比；当噻虫啉每公顷用量为1600g、3200g和4800g时，防治效果最高达到94．71％，平均防治效果达到84．76％，平均防治药剂成本320元／hm2。应用噻虫啉进行栗瘿蜂防治，药剂成本较低，防治效果较好，可有效减小环境压力，有益于维护生态安全。     

噻虫啉防治板栗主要害虫技术研究

2%噻虫啉微胶囊粉剂防治叶部害虫、种实害虫和枝梢害虫3个类群中的栗瘿蜂、桃蛀螟、栗实象、栗皮夜蛾和剪枝象甲等5种板栗主要害虫,采取山间雾化喷粉的施药方法,药效持续期长,减少施药次数,一药兼防多虫,成本低效果好。试验采用每公顷1.5 kg、3.0 kg和4.5 kg不同剂量配方施药,平均防治效果在60.69%～94.71%之间。     

Effects of thiacloprid, deltamethrin and their combination on oxidative stress in lymphoid organs, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and plasma of rats

Deltamethrin and thiachloprid are an α-cyano class pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticide, respectively. Recently, a pesticide combining deltamethrin and thiacloprid has also been released. In the present study, the acute and subacute toxic effects of deltamethrin, thiachlopride, and a combination of these insecticides, on the lymphoid organs (spleen, thymus and bone marrow), polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and plasma of rats, were determined to better understand mammalian antioxidant-oxidant and inflammatory system responses. For this purpose, rats were treated orally with different doses of thiacloprid (single acute dose of 112.5 mg/kg); subacute dose of 22.5 mg/kg/day for 30 days; deltamethrin (single acute dose of 15 mg/kg); subacute dose (3 mg/kg/day for 30 days), or a combination of these pesticides. Results were compared with those from a comparable dosing regimen with the known immunosuppressive drug cyclophosphamide. Pesticide treatments caused significant changes in the levels of liver and kidney injury markers. Antioxidant enzyme (catalase and glutathione peroxidase), glutathione and plasma antioxidant levels decreased but lipid peroxidation increased in all lymphoid organs and the plasma. Glutathione-S-transferase and especially DT-diaphorase activity, decreased after thiacloprid treatment. Myeloperoxidase activity, carbonyl content, lipid peroxidation and total nitrite levels increased in PMNs and plasma. When evaluated as a whole, the oxidative and inflammatory stresses seen in the pesticide combination groups were not much more pronounced than in the groups treated with a single pesticide. In terms of the evaluated biochemical parameters, the pesticides showed similar effects to cyclophosphamide.     

2%噻虫啉微胶囊粉剂防治板栗桃蛀螟试验

2010年7月采用2%噻虫啉微胶囊粉剂雾化喷粉方法进行防治板栗桃蛀螟试验,结果表明在板栗园喷施不同剂量2%噻虫啉微胶囊粉剂后,均可取得显著的防治效果,且防治效果与噻虫啉的使用剂量成正比。噻虫啉每公顷用量为3 000 g和4 500 g时,防治效果最高达到80.64%。平均防治效果均超过70%;噻虫啉每公顷用量1 500 g时,平均防治效果超过60%。防治区比对照区虫果率至少降低16.4%。     

两种药剂对板栗剪枝象的防治试验

为了更好地控制板栗剪枝象的危害,应用2.00%噻虫啉微胶囊粉剂和3.00%高渗苯氧威乳剂在林间展开人工地面防治板栗剪枝象的试验,结果表明:两种药剂均能有效控制板栗剪枝象.其中2.00%噻虫啉微胶囊粉剂平均防治效果达92.44%,3.00%高渗苯氧威乳剂平均防治效果达82.29%。因此,这两种杀虫剂都是防治板栗剪枝象的有效药剂,可进行林间大面积应用。