森林可燃物的燃烧性与化学组成

从五种针叶树叶(白皮云杉、红松、兴安落叶松、黑皮油松、樟子松)以及六种阔叶树叶(柳树、白桦、杨树、黄波罗、水曲柳、蒙古栎)的春季和秋季样品的水分、灰分(水溶性和水不溶性)、醚抽提物、含氮量、含磷量的分析得出:兴安落叶松和柳树的可燃性最小。这一结果与热重分析所得结果相符合。     

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FINDINGS OF PRESUMED CEREBELLAR CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT IN TWELVE DOGS

The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of presumed cerebrovascular accident in 12 dogs are described. Fourteen lesions were seen, commonly (11 of 14) within the gray matter of the cerebellar hemispheres or vermis. Thirteen lesions were hyperintense on T2-weighted images (in 11 dogs) and one was hypointense. Eleven of 14 lesions were within the region supplied by the rostral cerebellar artery or one of its main branches and there was no, or minimal, mass effect. Contrast enhancement was only seen in six lesions and was mild in all. Gradient-echo images provided additional information in two dogs. The appearance of infarction in dogs with diffusion-weighted images (DWI) is similar to that in humans, and provided supportive evidence for the diagnosis of infarction in five dogs. The use of gradient-echo and DWI is recommended for the evaluation of suspected cerebrovascular accidents in dogs. Six of the 12 affected animals were spaniels or spaniel crosses, suggesting a possible breed predisposition.     

Visualization of the effect of a surfactant on the uptake of xenobiotics into plant foliage by confocal laser scanning microscopy

A radiolabelling method is generally used to determine the foliar uptake of xenobiotics. This technique cannot provide any information on the localization of chemicals inside leaf tissues. The influence of an alcohol ethoxylate surfactant on the uptake of three fluorescent dyes, difluorofluorescein (hydrophilic), rhodamine B (moderately lipophilic) and a naphthalimide dye (lipophilic), into the leaves of three contrasting species, bean (Vicia faba), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea), at 16 h after treatment was measured using a conventional wash‐off method and also visualized in vivo by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Whereas the lipophilic dyes showed greater intrinsic uptake than the hydrophilic one, the enhancing effect of the surfactant on uptake was more pronounced for the latter. CLSM revealed that the presence of the surfactant increased the transport of difluorofluorescein into the epidermal cells of bean and wheat leaves, but not cabbage leaves. Rhodamine B showed greatest transcuticular diffusion in all three species, but most of the dye moved into the vacuole of the epidermal cells. The naphthalimide dye was strongly retained by the wax–cuticle layer of all species, even in the presence of the surfactant. CLSM has proven to be an attractive tool for studying xenobiotic diffusion. The results obtained using fluorescent dyes are believed to be applicable to the foliar uptake of herbicides.     

落叶松干燥过程水分扩散性的研究-Crank方法与Dincer方法的使用

采用两种改进的多孔固体材料水分扩散偏微分方程分析求解方法,即Dincer方法与Crank方法,分析并计算落叶松干燥过程的水分扩散系数(D)与水分传递系数(k)。使用扩散型微分方程对落叶松干燥过程进行数学模拟,木材试件被理想化为无限大平板状材料,假定木材内部水分的扩散过程是一维的。实验测定了不同干燥介质条件下木材干燥动力曲线。基于取得的实验数据,通过Dincer方法计算了木材水分扩散系数(D)与水分传递系数(k);使用传统的Crank方法分析计算了木材动态水分扩散系数(D)。研究表明,使用Dincer方法计算的木材水分扩散系数(D)均大于相应实验条件下Crank方法计算数值,接近1个数量级。这种结论应该是由于两种分析求解方法间的差异以及水分扩散与热量传递数学求解间的差异。因此相关的水分扩散微分方程的分析求解方法有待改进。随干燥介质温度的升高,木材水分扩散系数(D)与水分传递系数k均显著增大,可以采用Arrhenius方程与木材结合水传递理论来分析解释实验条件下的扩散系数(D)与干燥介质温度(T)间的变化趋势。图2表3参6。     

不同类型小麦品种大、小淀粉粒的分离和特性

为给小麦品质育种提供依据,以3个不同类型的小麦品种(济南17号、扬麦12号和扬麦9号)为材料,分离了大、小淀粉粒,并对它们的特性(形状、大小、膨胀势、晶体特性、糊化特性等)进行了测定和分析.结果表明,大、小淀粉粒形状为椭球形或球形,品种间无差别,但其大小和含量在品种间存在很大差异;大淀粉粒的膨胀势大于小淀粉粒.大、小淀粉粒都为A型淀粉晶体,大淀粉粒的相对结晶度差别不大,但小淀粉粒的相对结晶度差别较大,表现为济南17号＜扬麦12号＜扬麦9号.品种内大淀粉粒的起始温度To、峰值温度Tp值和吸收热焓△H高于小淀粉粒,终止温度Tc值却比小淀粉粒低.     

缢蛏急性高温胁迫应答主要候选基因的表达特征分析

缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)为广温性贝类,自身存在特殊的防御机制以适应外界温度胁迫.为研究高温胁迫对缢蛏热应激相关基因表达的影响,利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术对转录组中筛选的3类11个高温应答候选基因,即分子伴侣类基因(HSP70、HSF1、GRP94、BAG3、PDIA6和C...     

海鳗盐渍过程的动力学和热力学

该文通过对盐渍过程海鳗肌肉中的食盐、水分、质量和密度的变化来研究氯化钠扩散动力学和热力学,以期了解海鳗盐渍过程的基本机制。结果表明,鱼体体积变化与水分失去,水分失去与食盐获得之间具有良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.998和0.994。水分失去和食盐获得随着时间变化的拟合相关系数都为0.992,其平均相对误差分别为4.62%和4.87%,动力学模型能很好地与实验数据相吻合。动力学预示的鱼体体积、水分和食盐含量变化,可作为确定腌制时间的依据。热力学研究表明,盐的扩散系数是温度和初始盐渍浓度的函数,活化能的大小表示了温度对扩散过程的影响,活化能随着初始盐渍浓度增加而减小。当鱼体盐浓度较小时,温度是加速腌制的重要因素。     

小麦孢囊线虫病传播扩散途径研究初报

为了明确小麦孢囊线虫病的扩散传播途径,调查病区农用机械、麦田翻耕后田间及其周边流水中小麦孢囊线虫的孢囊数量.结果表明,收割机、旋耕机和播种机上土样的孢囊检出率分别为27.1％、51.6％和44.0％,麦稻轮作的病田中,浪渣的孢囊检出率为58.3％,翻耕后麦田积水、沟渠和小河流中的孢囊检出率分别为33.3％、22.7％和7.7％.说明农业机械的跨区作业和水流是小麦孢囊线虫病传播、扩散的重要途径.     

An extension approach for the national grazing strategy based on farmer characteristics in the eastern cape 1

Abstract

The development of a sound communication programme for the National Grazing strategy should be based on an understanding of the characteristics of the farmer population of the area concerned. The social, socio‐demographic, socio‐economie, socio‐psychological, communication and agricultural production characteristics of the population must be identified, and then be used to formulate a communication programme. Information obtained from 153 farmers in six farming communities was used to develop an extension approach for the National Grazing Strategy.