基于红外光谱概率神经网络的诃子产地鉴别

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱,测定了不同产地诃子(Terminalia chebula Retz.)样品的红外光谱图.采用常规预处理方法和小波变换对红外光谱原始数据进行了预处理,并采用主成分分析进一步压缩光谱数据,前3个主成分的累积贡献率为98.054％.以前3个主成分作为网络输入,诃子产地类别作为网络输出,建立了概率神经网络,同时对建立该网络模型的扩展常数进行了分析.模型分析表明,建立的网络模型能够对40个诃子样品进行产地鉴别,红外光谱法结合神经网络可作为中药材产地分类鉴别的一种新的现代化方法.     

扭黄茅竞争对金沙江干热河谷区滇榄仁幼苗早期生长的影响

滇榄仁为金沙江干热河谷特有的一级标志种,常与乡土草本植物扭黄茅形成"稀树草丛"景观。长期以来,滇榄仁幼苗极少能在自然群落中成功建植。为了探讨扭黄茅竞争对滇榄仁幼苗早期生长和存活的影响,通过室内盆栽实验人为控制滇榄仁幼苗与扭黄茅之间的竞争强度,研究了扭黄茅竞争对滇榄仁幼苗形态、生物量积累与分配以及叶片数量与大小等特征的影响。结果表明,扭黄茅竞争严重限制了滇榄仁幼苗的早期生长。当存在扭黄茅竞争时,滇榄仁幼苗的生物量分配格局发生了较大变化,根冠比变化范围为0.42 0.62之间。无论滇榄仁幼苗延后定居、同时定居或提前定居,其根系长度以及生物量干质量均会因为受到限制而缩短或减少。然而,定居时间在滇榄仁幼苗存活与生长状况中扮演了一个极为重要的角色。提前定居时,滇榄仁幼苗根冠比远高于同时定居和延后定居时,且其根冠比不受扭黄茅竞争强度的显著影响,表现出了较强的竞争力。     

小叶榄仁在汕头地区的引种评价

介绍了小叶榄仁的形态特征、生态学特性以及在汕头地区引种的生长表现。引种栽培结果表明:小叶榄仁生长和抗逆性表现良好,适合汕头等沿海地区作为庭园景观树种和行道树种,并总结了小叶榄仁的育苗及管理技术。     

永德县诃子资源现状及分布特点研究

对永德县诃子资源现状及分布特点进行调查和研究.结果表明,永德县境内分布有诃子1个种和绒毛诃子1个变种,主要分布于怒江干流东岸及支流勐波罗河、永康河、大勐统河等流域的低热河谷地带,分布面积20 869.8hm2,集中分布于海拔700~1 500 m区域范围内,呈散生状分布在有林地、疏林地、灌木林地中,数量218 360株,活立木蓄积24 400 m3,鲜果产量1 027.2 t/a,分布区受人为干扰大,有13 395.5 hm2诃子资源被列入各级公益林中.文中提出开展良种选育及人工栽培,结合生态公益林进行管理等诃子资源保护与可持续利用建议.     

Growth response of three native timber species to soils with different arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum potentials in South Cameroon: Indigenous inoculum and effect of addition of grass inoculum

After tropical forest disturbance, mycorrhizal inoculum could be insufficient. Increasing mycorrhizal density through inoculum addition is then crucial for successful regeneration of deforested lands. Greenhouse bioassays were set up to determine the effectiveness of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils from different disturbance stages on the growth of three important timber species, Terminalia superba, Distemonanthus benthamianus, and Entandrophragma utile. Soils were collected from late and early successional forest stands, fields of food crops, fallow of Chromolaena odorata, skid trails, bare soil landings, and landings with the pioneer tree Musanga cecropioides. These soils were used to grow seedlings without or with addition of an inoculum collected under the grass Paspalum conjugatum. The extent to which seedlings responded to indigenous inoculum and inoculum addition varied with tree species and with mycorrhizal inoculum potential. After inoculum addition, Terminalia strongly increased root colonization with a small increase in shoot dry weight and Distemonanthus hardly increased root colonization but showed a strong increase in shoot dry weight. Entandrophragma increased both root colonization and shoot dry weight. Plant biomass was lower in soils with low inoculum potential such as late successional stands, skid trails, and both kinds of landings; the mycorrhizal inoculation effect was then large. Plant biomass was high in agricultural fields and fallow; mycorrhizal inoculation effect was sometimes even negative. These data indicate that low inoculum might limit plant re-establishment after disturbance and that mycorrhizal inoculation has a potential for improving seedling establishment on deforested land.     

油榄仁的经济价值及育苗技术研究

对油榄仁的经济价值调查及应用中国科学院华南植物园油榄仁种子进行育苗技术研究,从而总结出油榄仁育苗技术。     

诃子及其炮制品对CCl4诱导小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

\t\t\t\t\t目的\t\t\t\t\t优化茜草制诃子多糖的提取工艺,为茜草制诃子多糖的研发提供理论依据。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t方法\t\t\t\t\t以茜草制诃子为研究对象、茜草制诃子多糖提取率为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验考察料液比、提取温度、提取时间和提取次数对茜草制诃子多糖提取率的影响,筛选茜草制诃子水提醇沉法的最佳工艺。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结果\t\t\t\t\t茜草制诃子水提醇沉法提取多糖的最佳提取工艺为：料液比1∶20,提取温度90 ℃,提取时间3 h,提取次数3次。在该条件下茜草制诃子多糖的最大提取率为3.55%。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结论\t\t\t\t\t获得茜草制诃子多糖提取的最佳工艺条件,水提醇沉法可较好地应用于茜草制诃子多糖的提取,优化的工艺稳定可行、提取率高。\t\t\t\t     

诃子育苗技术

总结了永德县诃子苗木培育的实践经验,论述了诃子的正确采种、种子贮藏和处理方法,以及优质袋苗的培育技术,为诃子产业发展的基础性苗木培育提供借鉴。     

Phytochemical and antifungal studies on Terminalia mollis and Terminalia brachystemma

Phytochemical investigation of the stem bark of Terminalia mollis afforded friedelin (1), catechin with epicatechin (2), gallocatechin with epigallocatechin (3) and 3-O-methylellagic acid 4'-O-α-rhamnopyranoside (4). Arjunolic acid with 2α, 3β, 23-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (5), 2α-hydroxyursolic acid (6), gallic acid (7), chebulanin (8) and 2'-O-galloylvitexin (9) were isolated from the leaf. Chebulanin (8), betulinic acid (10), ursolic acid (11), catechin (12), isoorientin (13), orientin (14), isovitexin (15) and punicalagin (16) were isolated from Terminalia brachystemma leaf. The first full unambiguous NMR assignments for (4) and (8), and revised assignments for (9), are reported. Compound (16) showed good activity against three Candida species.