丰产优质大麦TB206的选育及应用研究

TB206是湖北省农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所选育的兼用型大麦新品种,2002年度通过湖北省大麦区域试验,表现为丰产稳产,产量结构协调,综合农艺性状优良,抗性好,适应性广。介绍了该品种的选育经过、特征特性及其栽培要点,并对育种方法进行了探讨。     

Defining output-based standards to achieve and maintain tuberculosis freedom in farmed deer, with reference to member states of the European Union

Within the European Union (EU), detailed legislation has been developed for cattle, but not deer, to minimise disease risks associated with trade in animals and animal products. This legislation is expressed as input-based standards, providing a detailed outline of the activity required (for example, testing of animals and application of defined control measures), on the expectation that an adequate output (for example, confidence in freedom) will be achieved. Input-based standards are at odds with the increasing shift towards output-based standards, particularly in OIE rules governing international trade. In this paper, we define output-based standards to achieve and maintain freedom from tuberculosis (TB) in farmed deer, with reference to EU member states. After considering the probability of freedom achieved for cattle under existing EU legislation, we defined a ‘free farmed deer holding’ as one with a probability of freedom from infection of at least 99%. We then developed an epidemiological model of TB surveillance systems for deer holdings, incorporating different surveillance strategies, including combinations of diagnostic tests, and a variety of different scenarios relating to the potential for introduction of infection. A range of surveillance strategies were identified to achieve and maintain a free farmed deer holding, and worked examples are presented. The surveillance system sensitivity for varying combinations of screening and confirmatory tests in live animals, animals at slaughter and on-farm deaths is also presented. Using a single test at a single point in time, none of the TB tests routinely used in farmed deer is able to achieve an acceptable probability of TB freedom. If repeat testing were undertaken, an acceptable probability of TB freedom could be achieved, with differing combinations of the surveillance system sensitivity, frequency of testing and risk of introduction. The probability of introduction of infection through the importation of infected deer was influenced by the use of a pre-movement test (assumed 90% test sensitivity and negative test results), the TB prevalence in the source herd and the number of animals imported. A surveillance system sensitivity of at least 81% was achieved with different combinations of annual live animal surveillance and surveillance of animals at slaughter or on-farm deaths. This methodology has broad applicability and could also be extended to other diseases in both deer and other species with relevance to trade in animals and animal products.     

内生解淀粉芽孢杆菌TB2液体发酵条件的研究

采用单因素试验和正交试验对具有广谱拮抗作用的内生解淀粉芽孢杆菌TB2菌株的摇瓶发酵培养基和发酵条件进行优化。结果表明,最佳培养基组份为:玉米淀粉1.0%、豆粉1.0%、(NH4)2SO40.5%、MgSO4·7H2O0.1%、FeSO4·7H2O0.03%、K2HPO4·3H2O0.02%、KH2PO40.01%;培养条件为:初始pH值为7.5,温度35℃,接种量3%,装液量50mL/250mL三角瓶,摇床转速200r/min,发酵周期22～26h。优化条件下发酵水平活菌数达到8.52×1010cfu/mL。     

结核分枝杆菌蛋白TB9.7间接ELISA方法的建立

为获得新的鉴别诊断结核杆菌感染的候选抗原,根据Gene Bank中登录的结核杆菌H37Rv的TB 9.7基因序列设计1对引物,以结核杆菌H37Rv基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增得到TB 9.7基因DNA片段。将该扩增片段克隆于PMD18-T载体中,得到载体PMD18-T-TB9.7。分别将pET32a质粒和PMD18-T-TB 9.7质粒用限制性内切酶EcoRⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切,并将纯化的TB 9.7基因亚克隆至pET32a中,获得重组表达质粒pET32a-TB 9.7。将其转化E.coli BL21 IPTG诱导后,经SDS-PAGE、Western blot分析鉴定,可见约30ku的外源蛋白带。表明TB9.7基因在大肠杆菌中得到了表达。用Ni-NTA Agarose试剂盒进行蛋白纯化,获得纯化的TB9.7融合蛋白,建立间接ELISA诊断方法,检测了30份结核病人的痰检阳性血清,120份健康人的血清,敏感性为56.6%,特异性为97%,与痰检结果的符合率为84%。     

早竹TB1同源基因的克隆和表达分析

竹笋的形成和生长发育过程涉及侧枝形态发生,探讨侧枝发育有关基因在竹笋发育过程中的作用,对于阐明竹笋发育基因调控机制有重要意义.利用禾本科TB1同源基因在序列上的保守性,在基因上游的非编码区设计简并引物,通过RT-PCR技术, 从早竹笋中克隆到一个1 296 bp的cDNA序列,该序列包含1个编码349个氨基酸的阅读框,在氨基酸水平上与玉米TB1相似性达64.7%,定名为PpTB1.序列分析比对表明,PpTB1基因的编码产物含有保守的SP区、TCP区和R区,属于基因家族的1个成员.进化分析进一步表明,竹子TB1相似基因是玉米TB1基因的同源基因,且竹子TB1同源基因的分歧时间介于水稻和现有其他TB1同源基因之间.RT-PCR分析表明,该基因在笋、叶片和花中均有表达.原位杂交分析表明,PpTB1在笋的侧芽中表达较多.研究表明,PpTB1很可能与禾本科其他植物的TB1同源基因相似,在竹笋发育过程中,参与侧枝的形成.另外,TB1同源基因也可能在竹子分类和进化研究上有重要价值.     

夹蔸稗对水稻生长和产量的影响

 稻蔸夹稗时，夹蔸稗分蘖生长势远远强于水稻，其最高分蘖增长率夹蔸稗和水稻分别为1260%和680%；夹蔸稗的株高一般高于水稻40-50 cm，覆盖在水稻的顶层，叶面积指数及根长和根表吸收面积亦大于水稻，因此，夹蔸稗的生长势总是超过水稻。水稻分蘖盛期到抽穗期内稗／稻干物质比在1.6～2.5之间。水稻不同夹稗蔸率试验结果表明，随着夹稗蔸率的提高，分蘖数显著减少，减产幅度加大。当夹稗蔸率为100%时，分蘖数比对照减少50%左右，减产50%以上。以水稻夹稗蔸率百分数为自变量（x），以水稻有效穗减少百分率（y₁）或稻谷减产百分率（y₂）为依变量，它们之间的关系均符合曲线方程y=m[k/(k+x)]x(m、k为待定参数）。     

Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate isolated from a traditional anti-tuberculosis medicinal herb inhibits drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro

Many plants are used in Ayurveda for the treatment of tuberculosis. Our aim was to examine if these plants possess any specific molecule that inhibits Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One of them, Kaempferia galanga, yielded an anti-TB molecule, ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC). By resazurin microtitre assay (REMA), EPMC was shown to inhibit M. tuberculosis H37Ra, H37Rv, drug susceptible and multidrug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates (MIC 0.242-0.485 mM). No cross resistance was observed to any standard anti-TB drugs in the MDR strains. The compound did not inhibit any prototype bacteria tested. EPMC seems to be a potential anti-TB lead molecule.     

ELISA检测牛结核抗体时假阳性反应的消除

以草分枝杆菌作为吸收抗原处理待检血清 ,吸收其中的非特异性类属抗体 ,提高了牛结核 EL ISA的特异性     

Molecular Typing of Mycobacterium bovis Isolates in Argentina: First Description of a Person‐to‐Person Transmission Case

Bovine tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium bovis, a mycobacterium highly similar to M. tuberculosis that belongs to the M. tuberculosis complex. The main host of M. bovis is cattle but it also affects many other mammalians including humans. Tuberculosis in humans caused by either M. bovis or M. tuberculosis is clinically hard to distinguish. During 2004–2005, samples from 448 patients with diagnosis of TB were collected from different regions of Argentina. The PRA technique identified 400 isolates with representative patterns of mycobacterium. The predominant ones were the M. tuberculosis complex, the M. avium–M. intracellulare complex and M. gordonae. Samples with M. tuberculosis complex PRA restriction profiles were analyzed with a multiplex PCR to differentiate between M. tuberculosis and M. bovis. Multiplex PCR identified nine M. bovis. The results allowed the possibility to establish that 2% of pulmonary tuberculosis was due to M. bovis. Isolates of M. bovis from humans were examined using spoligotyping. These isolates presented five different spoligotypes. The main spoligotype was also the most frequently one found in cattle. The remaining human spoligotypes (grouped in clusters) are occasionally found in cattle. Variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis identified five different patterns. By combining the results of spoligotyping and VNTR analysis, we were able to differentiate seven M. bovis isolates. The remaining two M. bovis samples showed the same spoligotype and VNTR profile and belonged to household contacts. An MDR‐M. bovis was isolated from the samples of these household contacts. The identification of two epidemiologically linked cases of human M. bovis infection suggests person‐to‐person transmission of an MDR‐M. bovis.     

提高奶牛结核病群体检疫结果准确性的技术措施

结核病是人畜等患的一种传染病,其中奶牛最易感染.目前对该病检疫多采用牛型提纯拉菌素(PPD)变态反应操作法,其准确性重复性差.作者在多年实践中,总结出一套提高奶牛结核病检疫结果的技术措施,为同行提供参考.