近冰点温度贮藏草莓的研究

草莓呼吸旺盛,果皮薄易受伤,难以贮藏。利用近冰点温度贮藏可以明显地抑制草莓的呼吸作用,结合小袋包装的气密性,改善了包装内部的气体组成,提高草莓果实周围的相对湿度并减少空气对流,从而抑制了草莓在贮藏过程中糖分、水分的损耗,减少了糖酸比值的下降。保持了一定的感观指标,可使草莓的贮藏时间延长。     

植物叶面铺展剂的复配规律Ⅰ.SDS和TX100混合水溶液体相及表面层相互作用行为

2种典型固体表面铺展剂SDS和TX100混合水溶液,无论在其表面层或在混合胶团中两组分之间均存在一定程度的相互作用,使得以廉价的SDS为主的溶液中加入少许TX100组成的复配体系表面活性提高,在植物叶面上的润湿性能改善,并从理论上计算了其相互作用参数,初步解释了实验现象,上述结果不仅对指导优良植物叶面铺展剂配方具有指导意义,也预示了潜在的实用价值.     

奶牛难产激发应激性急性肾上腺皮质功能不全——心衰、水电解质严重失调辩析

应激性急性肾上腺皮质功能不全症的病理机制十分复杂,目前人医的各类文献中大都以“垂体—肾上腺轴”功能不全、功能衰竭、或发生广泛性出血坏死性病演作解释。本病在奶牛分娩难产过程中并不少见,病牛的症状表现以心衰和失钠性低血症为主征。但在兽医临床上由于认识不足,曾有不少中外学者将奶牛产后卧地不起的各类疾病,含糊地统称为“母牛睡倒爬不起来综合征”;更由于救治不当,病牛常以淘汰或死亡告终。本文通过对一具体典型病例辨析,着重讨论了本病的基本病理反应和确立诊断依据,强调对本病救护施治时应遵循的基本原则,供同道们在分析和解决这一实际问题时参考。     

基于人粮关系的湖南省耕地资源人口承载力研究

从人粮关系角度估算土地生产潜力,对耕地资源人口承载力进行研究,对保障国家粮食安全和区域可持续发展都具有十分重要的意义。通过应用土地资源人口承载力和土地资源人口承载指数模型研究了湖南省2000—2008年耕地资源的人粮关系状况,结果如下:(1)在现有生产力水平下,湖南省耕地资源可承载人口7 423.38万人,人口承载力指数为0.922,人粮关系基本平衡,但人粮关系状况分布不均衡,地区差异较大。(2)湖南省中北部、西部和南部3大区域耕地资源人口承载力2000—2004年处于逐年下降趋势,之后则逐年上升。(3)中北部人粮关系2004年后由盈余状态转为富裕状态,西部一直处于超载和临界超载的边缘,南部则多为盈余状态。表明湖南省耕地资源人口承载力地区差异较大,人口增长空间十分有限,今后应加强土地综合整治,改善土地生产条件,提高农业科技水平,以实现区域资源、人口与环境的可持续发展。     

基于压力-状态-响应模型的宝鸡市生态安全动态评价及预测

基于压力—状态—响应(PSR)概念模型,对21个指标进行了数据标准化处理,指标权重确定和生态安全评价模型的构建。以陕西省宝鸡市为例,分析了宝鸡市1991—2009年来的生态安全问题。利用生态安全动态度模型对研究区的生态安全变化状况进行深入研究,并利用灰色系统理论中的灰色系统预测模型GM(1,1),对研究区未来10a的生态安全状况进行预测。研究结果:(1)19a间宝鸡市的生态安全值呈现逐年减小的趋势,从1991年的0.650减小为2009年的0.434,平均每年减少0.01749%。(2)以现在的生态环境的"压力—状态—响应"指数预测未来10a的生态安全值的变化情况,结果显示从2012—2021年生态安全值将持续减小,2021年生态安全值将减小至0.317。     

柑桔地膜覆盖效应的研究 Ⅰ.对产量和品质的影响

本研究发明,在四川盆西北地区,柑桔园春季覆膜,可提高座果率,显著地减少第一次生理落果。秋季覆膜能减少25%的裂果;比对照增产10～27%;改善树冠下部果实品质,果汁中可溶性固形物、总糖含量提高,而总酸和维生素 C 变化不明显。     

蒲桃胚胎发育及多胚来源的初步研究

观察了蒲桃花果的形态结构和胚胎发生.蒲桃胚囊的发育属蓼型.每个蒲桃子房内有10多个胚珠,但成熟果实内多数只有1粒种子,少数为2粒,原因为一些胚囊不能发育成熟,而那些成熟的胚囊又有一部分不能顺利地完成双受精.蒲桃胚乳发育属核型.在受精之前,多数珠心的表皮下即有珠心胚原细胞出现,这些细胞分裂成为不定胚的原始体.随着某些珠心内的胚囊败育,这些不定胚原始体也归于消亡.而那些顺利完成双受精的胚囊外的不定胚原始体则可往胚囊方向靠拢,并进一步侵入胚囊.通常,侵入胚囊的珠心胚达5—9个.此外,也观察到了裂生多胚现象.最终,每粒发育成熟的种子内存有2-10个胚,合子胚、裂生胚和珠心胚混杂在一起.     

Extractives relating to heartwood color changes in sugi (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis>) by a combination of smoke-heating and UV radiation exposure

 Sugi green logs with red or black heartwood were smoke-heated, and the changes in the color of the heartwood after ultraviolet (UV) (λ = 365 nm) radiation exposure were then observed. After UV radiation exposure, the redness and yellowness increased in both the red and black heartwoods, whereas the brightness decreased. In the black heartwood, the resulting color turned from yellowish white to reddish brown. Reddening in black heartwood after exposure to a combination of smoke heating and UV radiation is thought to be due to a decrease in brightness and an increase in both redness and yellowness. However, the degree of change in heartwood color by UV radiation exposure was not greatly affected by smoke-heating treatments of various lengths. When methanol extracts were fractionated and exposed to UV radiation, the yellowness increased in the n-hexane-soluble portion and the redness increased in the acetone-soluble fractions from the n-hexane-insoluble portion. These results suggest that the n-hexane-soluble fraction contains the substances that allow heartwood color to change to yellow after UV radiation exposure, and the acetone-soluble-fraction from the n-hexane-insoluble portion contains the substances that allow it to change to red. Received: November 14, 2001 / Accepted: June 3, 2002 Acknowledgment This research was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. This study was presented in part at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 2001 Correspondence to:N. Yoshizawa     

Cultivation of shiitake in sugi wood meal II: effects of seasoning treatment for wood meal on mycelial growth

The effects of seasoning treatment for fresh sugi wood meal on the mycelial growth of shiitake was investi-gated. The mycelial growth of shiitake in sugi wood meal increased to the same level as that in extract-free sugi wood meal on the 12th day and to approximately 70% of that in konara wood meal on the 28th day of the seasoning treatment. A drastic decrease in extracts of fresh sugi wood meal occurred during the early stage of treatment, and the neutral fraction of methanol extracts decreased to less than 2%. The drainage of sugi wood meal media significantly increased during the later stage of treatment. No changes in the chemical components of sugi wood meal were detected during the seasoning treatment. The mycelial growth of shiitake in the fully seasoned sugi wood meal, which was prepared for commercial mushroom cultivation, was at almost the same level as that in the extract-free sugi wood meal. All of the seasoned sugi wood meals contained a neutral fraction of less than 1%. These results suggested that seasoning treatment can promote mycelial growth of shiitake in sugi wood meal by eliminating inhibitors and improving the physical properties of sugi wood.Part of this paper was presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1999     

Generation and alteration of norlignans in a transition zone during the drying of a Cryptomeria japonica log

Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) produces secondary metabolite norlignans in xylem. Several norlignans are involved in the coloration of heartwood and defense of sapwood against microbial invasion. Their biosynthetic process should be well understood so that their properties can be exploited to improve the quality and utility of C. japonica wood. Unfortunately, information on the norlignan biosynthesis is limited because norlignans are mainly synthesized in a particular season in the transition zone (TZ) along with the heartwood formation, and is difficult to study. Although the generation of two norlignans of C. japonica, agatharesinol and (E)-hinokiresinol, has been reported, systems for producing other norlignans are not yet known. To establish a novel norlignan generating system, we examined the changes occurring in norlignans in a TZ during the process of drying a C. japonica log. On the day of felling, the TZ contained agatharesinol and (E)-hinokiresinol, which increased until they reached a maximum on day 40 after felling. Sequirin-C appeared on day 40 and increased to day 70. The generation of sequirin-C in the TZ can be used to investigate the biosynthetic process of heartwood norlignans. This study describes for the first time the changes that occur in the composition of norlignan during the drying of the TZ.