乳状分散松香胶的研制和试产

对乳状分散松香胶制备工艺：分散体选择和用量、乳化温度、转相温度、助剂进行了研究，并在此基础上进行了试产，制得效果较好的产品．     

温度对造纸施胶效果影响的研究

通过测定不同温度下施胶效果的差异，以及松香胶溶液在不同温度下的稳定性和浆料滤水性能的变化，说明了温度升高施胶度下降的原因，进而提高出采用逆施胶方法解决这一普遍存在于生产中的问题。     

中性造纸施胶剂的研究

以苯乙烯、二甲基氨乙基甲基丙烯酸酯和松香为原料,合成阳离子型中性施胶剂。在第一报研究的基础上,以硫酸盐未漂白浆纸袋纸为对象,将合成的施胶剂与松香胶在施胶效果、絮凝效果及增强效果方面进行了比较,并探讨了该中性施胶剂在技术上的可行性和经济上的合理性。实验表明,该合成施胶剂的施胶效果大体与松香胶相同,且有明显的絮凝效果和增强效果。在添加0.5％时,可降低纤维流失率约2％。除撕裂度略有下降外,可使纸张强度指标提高20—30％。得到与同样用量松香胶施胶纸相同的强度指标,可降低定量约10％,或可配合40％的阔叶浆或可填充15％的碳酸钙。当叩解度低时,施胶度高。因此,若降低打浆度采用本施胶剂,既可保证强度又可提高施胶度。     

自身阳离子型松香施胶剂及其施胶性能

以两条路线分别合成了自身阳离子型的N-(3-松香酰氧-2-羟)丙基-N,N,N-三甲基氯化铵和N-(3-松香酰氧-2-羟)丙基-N,N,N-三乙基氯化铵,并对其性能进行了简单分析和评价。结果表明,虽然这两种松香季铵盐具有较高的Zeta电位,能够不依赖于矾土的“架桥”作用而吸附于纸张的纤维表面,但是由于在合成中向松香分子上引入了较强的亲水基团,使其疏水性能下降,成纸施胶度较低,且耐老化性能略有下降,加上合成过程使成本增加,松香季铵盐不适于作施胶剂产品主要成分。     

Synthesis and characterization of copolyester sizing agents

The effect of main chain structure of anion-containing copolyesters on the properties of copolyester sizing agents was investigated. The copolyesters were prepared by conventional two step polymerization technique from DMT, DMI, DMS, EG, and DEG. The copolyesters synthesized were characterized by atomic absorption spectroscopy,¹H-NMR Spectroscopy, GC, FTIR Spectroscopy, and DSC. The solubility decreased as the DMT content increased. The copolyesters having DMT:DMI=1:1 showed the minimum viscosity. The effect of EG content on the solution stability was not clear and the samples having high DMI content showed better solution stability. The water resistance was best when only DMI and EG were used, while it was worst when DMT:DMI was 1:0.     

Standardized evaluation and rating of biofilters: II. Manufacturer''s and user''s perspective

As manufacturers of biofilters we feel that it is important that our customers have a standardized set of criteria that can be used to compare the many different commercially available biofilters on the market today. The purpose of this paper is to show how a variety of manufacturers size their own filters, establish commonalities between the methods and suggest, to the engineering community, the needs of the industry that are required to develop a uniform sizing criteria. Similarities in sizing methodologies include standard information supplied by the consumer (system volume, feed rate, etc.) as well as those estimated by the manufacturer (TAN production, and hydraulic requirements). Differences in sizing methodology include the use of in situ nitrification and system flushing. From the various examples of biofilter sizing, it is clear that manufacturers use a sizing methodology based on either an areal or volumetric TAN conversion rate (ATR or VTR). As manufacturers, we should be able to publish ATR or VTR for each of three trophic levels (oligotrophic, mesotrophic and eutrophic) with appropriate correction factors for water temperature and salinity. A standardized labeling system that would allow system designers to accurately and rapidly determine which biofilter(s) meet their needs is proposed. We leave it to the engineering community to devise a standardized scheme by which VTR values could be determined to facilitate this comparison.     

塔尔油制强化造纸施胶剂的研究

以塔尔油为主要原料，研究制造纸用施胶剂的配方及生产工艺条件，该施胶剂可代替松香用于造纸浆内施胶，并对施胶工艺条件进行了探讨。     

Solid-state13C-NMR analysis of size components in handsheets prepared by fatty acid soap size-alum systems

The mechanism of paper sizing in fatty acid soap size-alum systems was studied by structural analyses of the size components in handsheets prepared with¹³C-labeled fatty acid soap size. Patterns of sizing performance and aluminum content of the handsheets were similar to those for the rosin soap size-alum sizing systems, although the patterns of calcium content were different. Solid-state¹³C-nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the handsheets revealed that fatty acid calcium salt was the predominant size component in the handsheets prepared using tap water. This calcium salt is formed from the fatty acid soap size (fatty acid potassium salt) by ion exchange with calcium ion in pulp suspensions and retained on pulp fibers through aluminum compounds originating from alum added. On the other hand, when deionized water was used, free fatty acid was the major component in the handsheets. Fatty acid aluminum salt was present as a minor component in the handsheets prepared in both tap water and deionized water systems. Therefore, all size components (i.e., fatty acid calcium salt, free fatty acid, fatty acid aluminum salt) seem to contribute to the appearance of sizing features.This research was presented in part at the 64th Pulp and Paper Research Conference of Japan TAPPI, Tokyo, June 1997     

Permanence of wood-free paper I: Paper-making additives in naturally degraded wood-free papers

Effects of pH, sizing agent, and starch on the natural deterioration of 45 printed wood-free papers stored 1–32 years was investigated in terms of MIT folding endurance, brightness, and L^*a^*b^* values. The neutral and alkaline papers retained their folding endurances well and significantly lost their yellow color (b^*) during storage. The folding endurance of the acidic papers stored more than 15 years showed a declining trend with increased storage time. The sizing agent content in the papers stored more than 10 years increased and the amount of starch decreased with increasing storage years. A larger amount of the sizing agents correlated with less folding endurance and more yellow color of the papers. The relation between the starch content and the degree of yellow color of the papers was unclear, and the endurance of the papers increased with the increase in starch content.Part of this paper was presented at the 47th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society in Kochi, April 1997     

阳离子型分散松香胶制备的初步探索

松香中添加适量的助乳剂和新型乳化剂可以使松香充分的乳化。在常压依靠机械作用转相，可得到阳离子型分散松香的胶体乳液。在近中性条件下用于纸张施胶，施胶度良好，纸张的耐久性明显优于酸性施胶的纸张。