SiC-W层状复合材料增韧机理分析

为分析SiC－W层状复合材料增韧性机理，对以SiC陶瓷胶片为基体层，金属W为夹层的SiC－W层状复合材料进行了力学性能测试，并用电镜法得到其断面显微结构照片。试验结果表明：1）与SiC单材料断裂韧性相比，SiC－W层状复合材料的断韧性增大；2）在基体层厚度不变，夹层厚度为10－50μm时，SiC－W层状复合材料的断裂韧性随夹层厚度的增加而增大，而抗弯强度随之下降；3）材料在不同方向断裂韧性不同。SiC－W层状复合材料裂韧性增大的原因是：1）夹层晶体颗粒大于基体体层的，其沿晶断裂形式延长了裂纹扩展路径；2）断裂过程中有晶片拨出消耗了能量；3）二级层状结构中片层间的微裂阻止了断裂裂纹的扩展。     

生物质基SiC陶瓷材料制备及应用研究进展

生物质基SiC陶瓷是一种环境友好的新型材料,具有硬度高、抗氧化、耐腐蚀、力学性能优异等特点,因而受到越来越广泛的关注。文中主要阐述了国内外学者对生物质基SiC陶瓷材料制备方法及应用的研究进展,包括以木材、竹材、稻壳、纸张、废弃棉绒等生物质材料为碳模板,运用液态渗硅法、溶胶凝胶-碳热还原法、气相渗透法3种方法制备生物质基SiC陶瓷方面的研究现状,以及对其作为电磁屏蔽材料、防弹材料、电容器、电极材料、催化剂材料等方面的应用进行了探讨,并分析了当前SiC陶瓷研究存在的问题及未来发展趋势。     

纳米SiC沉积量对化学复合镀层耐磨性影响

采用单因素试验方法,分别研究了表面活性剂、施镀温度、镀液pH值、转子转速、镀液中纳米粉体浓度5个因素对纳米SiC在Ni-P基化学复合镀层中沉积量的影响规律。结果表明:同时添加阴离子和非离子做表面活性剂,镀液温度达到(90±1)℃,pH值为5±0.5,机械搅拌转子转速为60 r/min,镀液中纳米粉体的浓度为35g/L时,镀层中能够沉积更多纳米粒子;而镀液中纳米粉体浓度为4.5g/L时,复合镀层的相对耐磨性较好。该工艺可用于农业机械关键工作零件表面强化。     

Spatial variability of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) yield as related to soil parameters in a small field

The harvested biomass of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is generally much lower than its potential; this may be due to several factors including not recovering all the biomass at harvest, weed competition, pests, disease and spatial variation of soil features. The objective of this research was to quantify the yield spatial variation of switchgrass and relate it to soil parameters, in a field of about 5 ha, in 2004 and 2005. Several thematic maps of soil parameters and biomass yield were produced using GIS and geostatistical methods. Soil parameters changed consistently within very short distances and biomass yield varied from 3 to more than 20 Mg ha⁻¹. This remarkable variation indicates that the potential for increasing switchgrass productivity is a real prospect. Furthermore, spatial variation of yield showed similar patterns in the 2 years (r = 0.38^**), and therefore a major influence of site characteristics on switchgrass yield can be assumed to occur. Significant correlations were found between biomass yield and soil N, P, moisture and pH as well as between soil parameters. Some soil parameters such as sand content showed patchy spatial distribution. Conversely, a reliable spatial dependence could not be identified for other parameters such as P. Further research is needed.     

双环缝喷射共沉积SiC颗粒的捕获与分布研究

采用坩埚移动式喷射共沉积装置及其双环缝复合雾化器制备了SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料坯件,研究了过程中增强颗粒的捕获机制及特点.实验结果表明,双环缝复合雾化器所引入的SiC颗粒捕获率较高,分布均匀;增强颗粒主要在雾化初时阶段被雾化液滴所捕获,而沉积坯表面因基本呈固相且温度较低,对SiC颗粒的直接捕获效果不明显;沉积坯快冷凝固界面前沿捕获对SiC颗粒的分布影响不大,SiC颗粒在沉积坯中的最终分布主要取决于由雾化液滴对增强颗粒的捕获,特别决定于SiC颗粒在单个雾化颗粒内部及空间雾化颗粒群中的分布.     

Ni-P-纳米SiC化学复合镀层显微硬度的试验研究

以镀液pH值、镀液温度、镀液中纳米SiC添加量为试验参数,进行三因素五水平二次正交旋转组合试验设计;并采用超声波工艺分散纳米微粒,研究了试验参数对Ni-P-纳米SiC化学复合镀层的显微硬度的影响规律。结果表明:镀液pH=6±0.5,施镀温度为(86±1)℃,镀液中纳米SiC浓度为3g/L时,所获得的复合镀层经480℃热处理后显微硬度可达1700HV。     

纳米复合镀层与微米及普通镍磷合金镀层性能的比较研究

对普通Ni-P合金镀层、微米SiC化学复合镀层及纳米SiC化学复合镀层的镀态硬度和热处理硬度进行了比较研究。通过耐磨性试验对3种镀层的磨损量和磨痕宽度进行了对比,通过扫描电镜对3种镀层的磨痕形貌进行了比较研究。结果表明:纳米SiC复合镀层的耐磨性优于微米SiC复合镀层和普通Ni-P合金镀层。     

Ni-P-纳米SiC化学复合镀层耐磨性能的研究

在普通Ni-P-SiC化学镀工艺基础上,添加纳米SiC微粒,采用超声波分散工艺,基于单因素试验结果,进行三因素五水平二次正交旋转组合试验,探索试验参数对复合镀层性能的影响规律。结果表明：镀液pH=6±0.5,施镀温度为(86±1)℃,镀液中纳米SiC浓度为3 g/L时,所获得的复合镀层经480℃热处理后显微硬度达1700 HV,复合镀层耐磨性最好。     

竹基SiC/C生物陶瓷的制备和性能

以毛竹的炭化物为生物模板材料,采用溶胶-凝胶法对其浸渍一定量的二氧化硅溶胶,应用碳热还原反应制备竹基SiC陶瓷,并对其结构、化学组成和力学性能进行表征。结果表明,煅烧温度和时间决定了陶瓷的物相组成。煅烧温度1450℃、时间5h可使所有的二氧化硅凝胶与炭反应生成SiC。煅烧温度过低、煅烧时间过长或不足均有可能在材料内残留或产生一定量SiO2,在此条件下制备的生物陶瓷实际为SiC和大量自由炭组成的SiC/C复合陶瓷,其中SiC陶瓷主要分布在材料的表层区域;制备的竹基SiC/C复合生物陶瓷的顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度及抗弯弹性模量均随试样溶胶质量增加率的增高呈先上升后下降的趋势,溶胶质量增加率在10%左右时制得的陶瓷力学性能最佳,并显著优于相应竹炭的力学性能。     

Effects of Heating Rate on Properties and Structures of 3D-Cf/SiC Composites by PIP Process

Straw fiber-reinforced cement board made from straw fiber and cement was prepared by semi-dry processing technology to investigate the effects of alkali treatment on the mechanical properties of the board.The results indicate that the board fibers were treated with 1%alkali solution showed obvious improvements in mechanical properties.After alkali treatment,hemi-celluloses of straw fiber were hydrolyzed and dissolved,which avoided hemi-celluloses hydrolyzing into monosaccharide to hinder the solidifying of cement. The fibers surface became rough,which increased the mechanical interweaving force between cement and fibers.Thereby the board’s mechanical properties were improved.At the same time,the increase of tensile strength and aspect ratio of the fibers improved the mechanical properties.