滚珠丝杠的温升及热变形对策

对滚珠丝杠的温升及热变形的对策进行了探讨,提出解决温升和热变形的方法,为滚珠丝杠的设计、安装、使用和维修提供参考.     

滚珠丝杠的温升及热变形对策

对滚珠丝杠的温升及热变形的对策进行了探讨，提出解决温升和热变形的方法，为滚珠丝杠的设计、安装、使用和维修提供参考。     

溢洪道高速水流边壁蚀损分析与防护

就防洪、泄洪的工具溢洪道的建设、蚀损、防护方面措施做了简要介绍。     

浙江省发展新蚕区的起伏及其成因研究

通过对浙江省建国以来发展新蚕区历程的回顾,总结出历史上曾有过新蚕区发展的3次大起伏,同时分析了每次起伏发生的原因以及从中可吸取的经验和教训。     

地基—筒体结构的地震反应分析

采用子结构法对地基－高层筒体结构进行地震反应分析，地基阻抗采用拟合数值结果得到的近似公式，上部结构采用有限条法计算结构侧向刚度矩阵，综合考虑基础与结构的动力平衡条件导出地基－结构耦合系统的运动方程，文中对一栋２１层筒中筒结构进行了地震反应分析，讨论了不同场地，不同地震输入以及基础埋深等因素对结构地震反应的影响。     

Mangrove Habitat Formation and Response to Holocene Sea-level Changes on Kosrae Island,Micronesia

Mangrove habitats on Kosrae are divided into three types, i.e., an estuary or delta type, a backmarsh or lagoon type and a coral reef or tidal-flat type. Most of the mangrove forests of Kosrae have been developed during the last 2000 years by accumulating mangrove peat with the gradual sea-level rise of 1 to 2 mm/yr except the landward part of the estuary or delta type. On the other hand, during the period of rapid sea-level rise of about 10 mm/yr between 4100 and 3700 yr B.P., the mangrove forests ceased peat accumulation and retreated landward. Until 3500 yr B.P., mangrove forests were distributed only in narrow bands in the inlets. Therefore, the critical rate of mangrove peat accretion with sea-level rise is estimated at more than 2 mm/yr and less than 10 mm/yr. If the anticipated sea-level rise exceeds this critical rate, all of the mangrove forests of Kosrae will retreat landward and reduce rapidly.     

CO2浓度和温度升高对早稻生长及产量的影响

研究温度升高和CO2浓度增加的气候变化条件对我国主要粮食作物早稻生长及产量的影响对评估国家粮食安全有重要参考意义。采用改进后的开顶式气室原位模拟大气CO2浓度450μL·L-1及温度升高2°C的环境条件对早稻生长及产量的影响,试验设置三个处理(对照、增温、增温+CO2),结果表明:1温度及CO2同增对早稻最终株高有显著增加作用,而仅增温只能加快前期株高增长速度而对最终株高没有影响;2增温处理使最终分蘖数增加2~3茎·穴-1,但在增温条件下增加CO2浓度,分蘖数不再增加;3增加CO2浓度使早稻叶片叶绿素含量略增,但增温处理没有效应;4增温处理对不同时期地上部生物量无显著影响,但增温+CO2处理使各期生物量较对照显著增加;5增温2℃使早稻增产13.3%,而增温基础上再增CO2,产量不再进一步增加。从产量构成因子看,增温或增温+CO2处理条件下早稻增产主要与穗数和每穗粒数增加有关。     

Seawater causes rapid trace metal mobilisation in coastal lowland acid sulfate soils: Implications of sea level rise for water quality

Coastal floodplains are highly vulnerable to inundation with saline water and the likelihood of inundation will increase with sea level rise. Sediment samples from floodplains containing coastal lowland acid sulfate soils (CLASS) in eastern Australia were subjected to increasing seawater concentration to examine the probable effects of sea level rise on acidity and metal desorption. Ten soils were mixed with synthetic seawater concentrations varying from 0% to 100% at a solid:solution ratio of 1:10 for 4 h. There was a slight decrease in pH (≈ 0.5 units) with increasing seawater concentration following treatment, yet, calculated acidity increased significantly. In most soil treatments, Al was the dominant component of the calculated acidity pool. Al dominated the exchange complex in the CLASS and, correspondingly, was the major metal ion desorbed. In general, concentrations of soluble and exchangeable Al, Fe²⁺, Ni, Mn and Zn in all soil extracts increased with increasing salinity. Increasing trace metal concentrations with increasing seawater concentration is attributed to the combined effects of exchange processes and acidity. The increasing ionic strength of the seawater treatments displaces trace metals and protons adsorbed on sediments, causing an initial decrease in pH. Hydrolysis of desorbed acidic metal cations can further contribute to acidity and increase mobilisation of trace metals. These findings imply that saline inundation of CLASS environments, even by relatively brackish water may cause rapid, shorter-term water quality changes and a pulse release of acidity due to desorption of acidic metal cations.     

浅谈城市中的高层建筑与节能

叙述了高层建筑节能与气候、地理条件的关系。建筑位置、朝向及接受太阳辐射热能的关系及高层围护结构墙体的保温、隔热存在的问题及今后的发展方向。     

Effect of subcritical hydrophobicity in a sandy soil on water infiltration and mobile water content

Recent research shows that most soils are more or less water repellent. Already subcritical water repellency may cause incomplete soil wetting and preferential flow. Both processes potentially reduce the residence time of water and solutes in the vadose zone, resulting in an enhanced risk of groundwater contamination. The objective of the present paper is, therefore, to evaluate the impact of reduced soil wettability on the soil water infiltration rate and to investigate the tendency towards preferential flow with the analysis of the immobile water content in the infiltration zone. In november 2002, a field experiment was done in a coniferous forest, 30 km N of Hannover, Germany. Soil hydrophobicity was quantified by measuring the contact angles. The hydraulic conductivity of the podsolic sandy soil was measured depth‐dependent with a double‐ring tension infiltrometer in three soil horizons. To quantify possible preferential‐flow effects, a LiBr‐Tracer was added to the infiltrating water to evaluate the mobile water‐content fraction after infiltration. Additionally, infiltration rates of water were compared with infiltration rates of ethanol which were determined after water infiltration at the same locations. Results show that the actual water repellency of field‐moist soil was mainly subcritical (contact angle <90°). Water infiltration rates were reduced due to subcritical repellency by a factor of 3–170 compared with ethanol infiltration rates (exclusion of wetting effects). This spatially variable infiltration behavior was not clearly reflected neither by the small‐scale contact‐angle measurements nor by the analysis of the average immobile soil water content in the infiltration zone. We conclude that this specific infiltration behavior of water caused by small‐scale wettability effects may temporarily reduce the local connectivity of water‐flow pathways.