檀香实生苗繁育与伴生植物配置关键技术试验

以檀香种子为材料,研究了不同浓度赤霉素、播种基质以及伴生树种对幼苗生长的影响,结果表明:采用1 000 mg/L赤霉素处理种子24h可促进种子发芽,发芽率达85%以上;以砂壤土+竹炭粉为播种基质出苗率最高;利用抛荒龙眼地并以龙眼树作为檀香成林期伴生植物对檀香生长具有促进作用,栽培12个月时测定,檀香树高、地径分别达172.3cm和2.48cm,为抛荒龙眼地重新利用提供新的思路。     

加味丹参饮预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨加味丹参饮（JDSH）预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤（IRI）的保护作用及机制。方法 采用结扎大鼠冠状动脉左前降支30 min后再灌注30/60 min模型,将56只SD雄性大鼠随机分为7组：假手术组、缺血/再灌注（I/R）30 min组、I/R 60 min组、p38MAPK阻断剂SB203580+I/R 30 min组、SB203580+I/R 60 min组、JDSH+I/R 30 min组、JDSH+I/R60 min组。各组干预2 d后,HE染色心肌组织标本,全自动生化分析仪测定血清CK、LDH,免疫组化法检测p38MAPK、COX-2和ICAM-1蛋白的表达。结果 经JDSH预处理或p38MAPK阻断剂SB203580处理后心肌细胞形态结构保持更好。与假手术组比较,I/R30 min组和I/R 60min组大鼠血清中的CK、LDH明显升高（P<0.01）;与I/R 30/60 min比较,SB203580＋I/R 30/60 min组和JDSH＋I/R 30/60 min组均明显降低（P<0.01）。与假手术组比较,I/R使大鼠心肌组织的p38MAPK、COX-2、ICAM-1蛋白表达增加（P<0.01）,且随再灌注时间的延长而增加;与I/R 30/60 min组比较,SB203580和JDSH均能减少其蛋白表达（P<0.01）。结论 大鼠心肌IRI时,激活了p38MAPK信号通路,且与再灌注时间（30~60 min）呈正相关。JDSH通过抑制p38MAPK信号通路,降低其下游基因COX-2和ICAM-1的表达,降低CK、LDH,减轻心肌损伤,起到保护心肌作用。     

Modern Nursery Practices in the Production of Quality Seedlings of Indian Sandalwood (Santalum album L.)— Stage of Host Requirement and Screening of Primary Host Species

Abstract

Fewer than one tenth of tropical forests are being managed on a sustainable basis. Sustainable forest management means managing the forest in such a way as to not irreversibly reduce the potential of that forest to produce all products in subsequent harvests. The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio resulted in several decisions that are relevant to the future of forestry. The Conference also focused world attention on questions of the environment. One outcome of this increased awareness has been the growing support for eco-labelling, which may provide an opportunity for those countries able to prove their forest products are harvested sustainably. Other economic opportunities present themselves in the utilization for cellulose of tree crops such as rubberwood and oil palm trunks and fronds. Non-wood resources such as rattan also hold promise if we are able to grow them in conjunction with existing tree crops. The roles of tropical forests as carbon sinks require more in-depth study as does the question of what constitutes critical levels of biodiversity. Aesthetic values such as recreational use increasingly require that sufficient buffer zones of unique features be preserved. These challenges demand that the forestry profession becomes more proactive and support major policy changes to address the need for sustainable forest management.     

铲草施肥对降香黄檀与檀香混交林土壤速效养分的影响

【目的】探讨土壤速效养分对不同抚育措施的响应以及季节变化,以期选择出可以有效改善林地土壤养分状况的抚育措施,为降香黄檀Dalbergia odorifera与檀香Santalum album混交人工林抚育体系的建立提供参考。【方法】以珍贵树种降香黄檀与檀香混交林下表层土壤为试验对象,设置4个处理,即对照(CK)、铲草、施肥、铲草+施肥(铲+施),每处理4次重复,测定土壤速效养分和pH的变化,每季度测定1次。【结果】铲草施肥处理后土壤pH无显著变化,但增强了土壤酸碱缓冲性能,减缓土壤pH的季节性波动;土壤速效养分含量受季节和抚育措施变化影响显著,各处理的铵态氮和硝态氮含量均在秋、冬季节出现峰值;铲草、施肥和铲+施处理的全年土壤铵态氮含量较CK分别增加16.87%、8.17%和20.25%;铲草和铲+施处理的土壤硝态氮含量较CK分别增加12.69%和21.45%,施肥处理较CK减少1.81%;铲+施和施肥处理的土壤有效磷含量较CK分别增加50.63%和19.58%,铲草处理较CK减少2.53%;铲草、施肥和铲+施处理的土壤速效钾含量较CK分别增加117.18%、57.91%和142.54%。【结论】土壤速效养分含量对铲草施肥抚育措施出现的响应不同,但铲草施肥各措施都促进了土壤中一种或多种速效养分含量的增加,铲+施处理促进了林下土壤速效养分含量的全面增加,对于降香黄檀与檀香混交林来说铲+施处理是一种较为理想的抚育措施,对其生长有较好的促进作用。     

降香黄檀、檀香根际解钾菌的筛选与活性研究

为提高降香黄檀-檀香人工林的土壤肥力,从不同林龄的降香黄檀、檀香根际土壤中分离筛选高效解钾菌。从钾细菌富集培养基上初筛和解钾菌筛选培养基复筛得到可培养物89个。采用原子吸收分光光度法测定菌株解钾能力。结果表明,可溶性钾含量在70μg/m L以上的菌株有6株,其中菌株JT-K21、JT-K11和JT-K18的解钾率为80%以上。JT-K21培养液的可溶性钾含量高达132.68μg/m L,解钾率达到221.18%。基于形态学、生理生化特性及16S rDNA序列比较分析,初步鉴定JT-K21为恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas putida。不同碳氮源试验表明:JT-K21对蔗糖和硫酸铵的吸收效果最好。通过单因素试验及正交试验结果表明:菌株JT-K21液体发酵菌体浓度最大培养组最优组分为蔗糖(10 g/L)、硫酸铵(0.2 g/L)、氯化钠(0.1 g/L)、钾长石(5 g/L);JT-K21液体发酵解钾活性最佳时,培养基最优组分为蔗糖(10 g/L)、硫酸铵(0.2 g/L)、氯化钠(0.1 g/L)、钾长石(3 g/L)。     

檀香规范化栽培技术

文章总结了多年檀香引种经验,并按中药材规范化管理(GAP)的要求在广东推广种植,对檀香的形态特征、生物学特性、田间栽培管理和采收加工等进行分析研究,制定生产规范。经大面积推广种植发现,檀香在广东南部地区生长良好,适应性强。实践证明在广东南部地区进行檀香种植是可行的。     

广东三地幼龄檀香生长和结香的早期评价

采用标准地调查的研究方法,调查广东省种植规模较具代表性的3个试验基地内6年生幼龄檀香的生长和结香情况,方差分析结果表明,3个试验基地内种植的同龄檀香,其树高、地径、胸径、净树干高度以及冠幅均差异显著(P<0.001),位于湛江的试验基地内,各种形态指标值均最大,平均树高为6.05m,平均地径为12.72cm,平均胸径为10.27cm,平均净树干高度为2.64m,平均冠幅(南北)为3.20m。利用生长锥对檀香树干进行钻孔取样,分析幼龄檀香的心材形成情况,结果表明,3个试验基地内的6龄檀香均已陆续开始形成心材,自然形成心材的比例为15%～20%。采用溶剂浸提法对钻取的心材提取檀香精油,精油含量在0.66%～1.76%之间;采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析檀香精油的成分及各成分的相对含量,结果表明,幼龄檀香精油的主要成分和檀香木油的国际标准成分相同,但含量较低,总檀香醇含量范围为34.31%～37.91%,精油质量没有达到国际标准。早期的生长和结香情况表明,檀香人工林的规模种植在广东表现良好。     

寄主植物生长情况及配置距离对檀香幼林生长的影响

通过在造林时混合配置8种寄主植物,研究在一年生、三年生、四年生檀香(Santalum album L.)人工林中寄主植物配置距离、植株高度、胸径、生长状况等对檀香幼树高径生长的影响。结果显示,木麻黄(Casuarina equisetifolia L.)的树高与檀香树高呈显著的负相关,飞机草(Eupatorium odoratum L.)株高与檀香株高和胸径呈极显著的负相关;在一定配置距离范围内,假蒿(Kuhnia rosmarnifolia Vent.)、山毛豆(Tephrosia candida DC.)、相思(Acacia confuse Merr.)的配置距离与檀香幼树生长呈显著的正相关;从寄主植物根系寄生的檀香吸盘发生情况来看,山毛豆是最佳寄主,木麻黄、苏木(Caesalpinia sappanL.)、麻楝(Chukrasia tabularis A.Juss)次之,假蒿吸盘多但较小;飞机草最差。整体上看,寄主植物山毛豆和降香黄檀(Dalbergia odorifera T.Chen)对檀香的生长极为有利,是较佳的寄主;假蒿、苏木、相思、木麻黄、麻楝其次,飞机草较差。     

Development of a stand density management diagram for Santalum album plantations in Karnataka,India

Stand density management diagrams are average stand-level models that graphically display the relationship between stand yield, density, height and diameter throughout the various stages of forest development in even-aged stands. These are useful tools for designing, displaying and evaluating alternative density regimes in even-aged forest ecosystems to achieve a desired future condition. In this paper, we present a stand density management diagram constructed for sandalwood stands in Karnataka state of India. The relationship between stand density, dominant height, quadratic mean diameter, relative spacing and stand volume is exhibited in one graph. The relative spacing index was used to characterise the growing stock level. Two equations were fitted to the data collected from 19 sample plots measured annually for three years: one relates quadratic mean diameter with stand density and dominant height, whereas the other relates total stand volume with quadratic mean diameter, stand density and dominant height.     

檀香在华南植物园的引种栽培

探讨了檀香在华南植物园引种栽培的技术与方法,阐述了檀香的分布区域、生物学特性、栽培管理措施以及园林应用,并提出檀香栽培和利用的建议和设想,期望能为檀香的更好引种栽培和利用提供参考。