月季组织培养过程中的影响因素

综述了月季组织培养过程中的影响因素，重点介绍了植物生长调节剂、外植体、培养基和培养条件等对月季试管苗生长的影响。同时分析了月季组培影响因素研究中存在的不足，提出对多因素、复杂因子共同影响行为的研究和探讨是今后月季组培影响因素研究中的重点内容。     

临夏地区的野生果树种质资源

作者1984—1986年在自治州全境进行调查。基本查明,临夏地区分布有53种野生果树,分别隶属于13科26属。其中木本50种,草本3种;蔷薇科野果最多,有31种,占58.5％。对19种主要野果的糖、酸、维生素C、氨基酸及钙、磷、钾、镁、铁、铜、锌、钼等无机盐和微量元素进行了分析。其中维生素C含量在500mg/100g以上的有8种。特别是西北蔷薇(Rosa davidii Crep),其果实的维生素C含量高达2354 mg/100g,为传统水果的数十至数百倍,远高于沙棘和猕猴桃。此外,并含有人体必需的多种氨基酸和矿物质,是一种高营养野果。它分布广泛,蕴藏量较大,具有很高的开发利用价值。     

玫瑰、月季、蔷薇等蔷薇属植物RAPD分析

 对蔷薇属的玫瑰、月季、蔷薇3 个种的15 个品种进行RAPD 分析, 16 个引物对受试品种PCR扩增共获得202 条谱带, 其中123 条(60. 9 %) 表现多态性。利用UPGAMA 法构建分子系统进化树, 以相似性系数0. 5 为阈值, 玫瑰与月季为一个聚类组, 蔷薇为另一个聚类组; 以相似性系数0. 6 为阈值, 4个蔷薇品种分为4 个不同的聚类组, 5 个月季品种为一个聚类组, 5 个玫瑰品种为一个聚类组, 平阴紫枝玫瑰单独为一个聚类组, 表明玫瑰与月季的亲缘关系较近, 两者与蔷薇的亲缘关系较远。     

刺梨及其近缘种PCR实验体系的建立与优化

以刺梨及其近缘种月季为试材,进行了RAPD-PCR实验参数的确立和优化试验。结果表明,刺梨及月季25μL反应体系的最优组成为2.5μL10×反应缓冲液,2mmol/LMg2+,0.2mmol/LdNTP,1.6mg/L模板DNA,0.4μmol/L随机引物和1.2UTaqDNA多聚酶。经PCR扩增验证,此反应体系亦适宜于刺梨的部分近缘种,可有效用于RAPD分析;通过将退火温度提高至50℃或采用“Touchdown”扩增程序,并在50μL反应体系中适当增加特异引物对浓度(1.0μmol/L),模板DNA(4.0mg/L)和TaqDNA多聚酶(3.0U/管)的使用量,建立起适合于刺梨特异DNA片段检测及回收的特异PCR扩增实验体系,为刺梨的分子克隆奠定了技术基础。     

Effects of cerium on the antioxidant defence system in the petals and the contents of pigments in the calyces of Rosa chinensis Jacq. cut flower

To study the role of cerium (Ce) in regulating the vase life of Rosa chinensis Jacq. cut flowers, the effects of cerium nitrate (Ce(NO₃)₃) on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in the petals, and the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in the calyces were investigated. The results showed that Ce(NO₃)₃ evidently enhanced the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and evidently decreased the contents of MDA and H₂O₂ in the petals, compared with the control. Moreover, Ce(NO₃)₃ evidently increased the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in the calyces. The results also showed that Ce(NO₃)₃ evidently increased the numbers of open flowers and decreased the numbers of wilted flowers. Our results suggest that Ce(NO₃)₃ extended the vase life of R. chinensis Jacq. cut flower by improving the antioxidant defence system in the petals and the contents of pigments in the calyces.     

狗蔷薇PaWUS基因的超量表达诱导转基因烟草根尖形成不定芽

WUSCHEL是植物干细胞命运的决定基因,在植物发育过程中WUSCHEL基因的表达决定着干细胞的形成和器官的发生.从狗蔷薇的类原球茎中克隆出其同源基因；经过对其进行蛋白质序列比对和系统发育分析,将其命名为Ra WUS基因.构建在XVE系统下的化学调控的表达载体.在该系统下,Ra WUS基因的超量表达能诱导转基因烟草根尖形成不定芽；同时显微观察表明,根部的皮层中有圆球形的分生组织干细胞团的产生.结果表明:Ra WUS基因的过量表达能够促使根的皮层中薄壁细胞转变成为分生组织干细胞而形成不定芽在根尖异位发生,说明其能够在植物的根尖中诱导茎尖分生组织干细胞的活性和发育的可塑性.     

野蔷薇种子休眠和萌发整齐度研究

野蔷薇的种子低温砂藏30 d才开始发芽,然后再需50d时间才能结束发芽,发芽率为75％左右.酸处理、酸蚀裂口处理可缩短种子低温砂藏时间和发芽时间;通过清水分级可剔除劣质种子,提高种子质量的一致性,从而提高发芽率和发芽整齐度.将野蔷薇种子用盐水分级,剔除劣质种子,然后将分级种子用浓盐酸处理20 min,制成酸蚀种子,再经裂口处理,制成分级酸蚀裂口种子,则处理种子低温层积13 d开始发芽,发芽时间缩短为16d,发芽率提高到90％以上.     

钙、钙调素在刺梨果实发育过程中的含量变化研究

为探讨Ca2 、CaM在刺梨果实发育过程中的含量变化,以贵农5号优系为试材,测定其果实发育过程中Ca2 和CaM的含量及可溶性总糖、还原糖、维生素C的含量.结果表明:刺梨果实发育过程中,Ca2 含量前期高后期低,呈逐渐下降的趋势;CaM含量呈波动状态,在果实发育的中前期,与果实发育状况之间成相互响应的曲线变化;果实发育的后期,CaM含量处于较高的水平,与此期可溶性总糖、还原糖、维生素C的高水平相对应.本文还对Ca2 、CaM在刺梨果实发育的不同阶段可能的调控机理进行了讨论.     

改进RetinaNet的刺梨果实图像识别

为实现加工车间刺梨果实的快速识别,提出一种基于改进的RetinaNet刺梨果实图像的识别方法。基于RetinaNet的模型,对RetinaNet框架中Focal loss的bias进行改进,使其能根据不同的情况控制bias的取值,再运用维度聚类算法找出Anchor的较好尺寸并匹配到相对应的特征层,对卷积神经网络结构进行优化。通过改进RetinaNet目标检测算法对7426幅刺梨果实图像进行检测识别,并与原始RetinaNet目标检测算法对比。试验结果表明:改进的RetinaNet网络模型识别方法对6类刺梨果实的识别率分别为99.47%、91.42%、96.92%、90.92%、96.89%和93.53%,平均识别率为94.86%;相对于原始RetinaNet目标检测算法,改进算法的识别准确率提高4.21%,单个刺梨果实检测时间由60.99 ms缩减到57.91 ms,检测时间缩短5.05%。本文改进算法对加工车间刺梨果实的识别具有较高的正确率和实用性。     

Flower yield performance and stability of various Rosa damascena Mill. landraces under different ecological conditions

The flower yield stability of Damask rose as an important medicinal and aromatic plant at different environments has not been well documented. In order to evaluate flower yield and stability, 35 landraces of Damask rose were studied at 8 locations in Iran during 2007–2008. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) among landraces (G), environments (E), locations (L) and for landrace × environment (GE) and landrace × location (GL) interactions. Both GE and GL interactions were mainly crossover, a large portion of which was accounted for by non-linear (unpredictable) component. The landraces of IS9, YZ2, WA1, IS7 and IS1 with 3120.63, 2941.63, 2894.62, 2769.15 and 2716.92 kg/ha respectively produced the highest flower yield among studied landraces. Kerman with average flower yield of 3635.46 kg/ha produced the highest yield among studied locations. According to the results, most of landraces that originated from temperate, warm temperate and arid regions produced higher flower yield than those from cool, cool temperate, semi-arid and humid regions. The landraces of YZ2, IS5, IS8, IS4, KZ1, AR1_, IS3 and BA1 were stable and YZ2, IS5, IS8, IS4, KZ1, AR1 IS6, IS3, BA1, IS10 and YZ1 were adaptable landraces for flower yield according to Eberhart and Russell (1966) model. The presence of some high flower yield and stable landraces such as YZ2 and IS5 suggests that a genotype can demonstrate high flower yield and stability for yield simultaneously. Thus, simultaneous selection for flower yield and stability using nonparametric methods could be possible. In addition, taking into consideration flower yield and stability potential, the landraces of YZ2, IS5, IS8, IS4 and KZ1 as general stable, adaptable, and high flower yield are recommended. Furthermore, the landraces of IS9 and WA1 as high flower yield and specific adaptable landraces can be recommended for temperate and arid areas and the landraces of IS7 and IS1 for semitemperate and cool areas.