护林防火技术在森林资源保护中的应用

合理运用护林防火技术可以提升森林资源保护工作的整体质量,推动林业不断发展。本文分析了森林火灾发生的原因,总结了护林防火技术,提出了相关应用对策,以期为减少森林火灾的发生和保护森林资源提供参考。     

面向养殖水体分布差异的COD光谱法检测研究

面向养殖水体，传统光谱法对化学需氧量（Chemical Oxygen Demand，COD）检测模型构建的基础：源域（现有样本库）与目标域（检测地水体）间光谱数据独立同分布。但是当源域与目标域分布间存在差异时，由源域得到的低误差模型常在目标域上表现下滑。针对该问题，提出面向UV Vis光谱的域对抗训练网络（DAUVwpNet），将分布不同的源域和目标域数据映射至相同分布的特征空间中，使其在该空间的分布距离尽可能接近，从而在特征空间中对源域训练的目标函数也可以迁移至目标域上，以降低模型在目标域的误差。试验表明：面向同一批测试数据，DAUVwpNet的预测误差为0.78，要低于传统模型的预测误差（0.85）；DAUVwpNet预测值与实测值间相关系数为0.95，要高于传统模型的相关系数（0.89）。表明了该网络能够较好对齐两域特征空间数据分布，降低因分布差异带来的COD检测误差。     

Soil protection for a sustainable future: options for a soil monitoring network for Ireland

The increased recognition of the importance of soil is reflected in the UN Post‐2015 Development Agenda with sustainable development goals that directly and indirectly relate to soil quality and protection. Despite a lack of legally binding legislation for soil protection, the European Commission remains committed to the objective of soil protection. However, the achievement of a legally binding framework for soil protection relies on the implementation of a soil monitoring network (SMN) that can detect changes to soil quality over time. As beneficiaries do not pay for the provision of soil information, the options for soil monitoring are limited. The use of existing data sets should be considered first. Using Ireland as an example, this research explored the opportunities for a SMN for Ireland considering three existing national data sets. The options for a SMN are considered in terms of their spatial and stratified distribution, the parameters to be measured and an economic analysis of the options proposed. This research finds that for Ireland, either a 10 or a 16 km² grid interval stratified by land use and drainage class offers the best potential in relation to the spatial distribution of existing data sets to reflect local data at a national level. With existing data, the stratified SIS data using the 16 km² grid offers the best value for money, with baseline costs for analysis, excluding field costs, of between €706 481 and €2.8 million. Acknowledging the impossibility of measuring all parameters with ideal frequency, this study proposes a two‐tier system for optimized monitoring frequency. Parameters must anticipate future policy requirements. Finally, the implementation of a SMN must be accompanied by standardized methods, defined thresholds and action mandates to maintain soil quality within allowable limits.     

社会林业与五指山的自然保护

五指山自然保护区是世界上现存地势最高的原始热带雨林之一，是我省目前面积最大的自然保护区，也是海南三大河流的发源地。但由于保护区横跨琼中、通什、保亭三县、市，紧邻保护区还生存着众多贫困的黎、苗族村民。因此，保护区与周边社区的联系是十分紧密的，社区的发展也直接影响到五指山热带天然林的保护。海南省林业局中德海南热带林保护和恢复项目在社会林业与五指山森林的保护上做出了有益的尝试，就在全省来说，也是首次对社会林业与森林保护上进行的探索。五指山地区社会林业的研究，对保护海南热带雨林也有着积极的意义。特对社会林业与五指山的森林保护进行了阐述、分析和设想。     

The Brief Introduction to the Sino-US Joint Centers for Soil and Water Conservation and Environmental Protection

Erosion and transport of soil has worldwide implications for agriculture, landscape stability, climate, natural hazards, and clean, renewable resources of water and air. Assured access to clean water and a healthy and safe environment requires an ethic of conservation and protection. The minimum scale in which these principles apply successfully is basin wide. These are the fundamental concerns of the Sino-US Centers for Soil and Water Conservation and Environmental Protection.     

Passive protection of mice with antiserum to neuraminidase fromPasteurella multocida serotype A:3

Antiserum to a partially purified neuraminidase fromPasteurella multocida, type A:3, was adsorbed with protease-digestedP. multocida type 3 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to remove LPS immunoreactivity. The LPS-adsorbed antineuraminidase caused a 77% reduction in the neuraminidase activity of homologousP. multocida in anin vitro enzyme neutralization test. All 14 mice passively immunized with the adsorbed antineuraminidase were protected against challenge infection with homologousP. multocida in a mouse protection test. Ten out of 14 mice in one group that received antisera containing antibodies to both neuraminidase and LPS were protected. In contrast, only 1 out of 14 mice that were immunized with pre-immune serum survived the challenge. These results suggest that antiserum toP. multocida neuraminidase was, at least partly, responsible for the protection observed in this study. Neuraminidase may be one of the immunogenic protective proteins present in aqueous extracts ofPasteurella multocida.     

古柏赤枯病病原菌的研究

经Ｋｏｃｈ＇ｓ法则检验证明，ＡｌｔｅｒｎａｒｉａｔｅｎｕｉｓＮｅｅｓ（细链格孢霉）是北京地区古柏赤枯病的病原菌。它引起古柏针叶及嫩梢的大量死亡。２—３年生桧柏及侧柏苗经人工接种证明，该病菌有较强的致病力，它还侵染某些种类的杨树。该病潜育期为５—６天。对病菌生物学特性也作了研究。病原菌生长和孢子萌发最适温度为２５℃Ｆ相对湿度在９０％以上；最适ｐＨ值为６；葡萄糖、淀粉、蛋白胨、谷氨酸为该菌纯培养的优良营养源。     

金属热防护系统多层隔热材料的传热分析及参数优化

采用能量平衡方程和离散坐标法近似地建立了金属热防护系统多层隔热材料的一维稳态传热的数学模型，并利用遗传算法和纤维隔热材料的有效导热系数试验数据求解传热反问题，从而得到了模型中的纤维隔热材料的辐射衰减系数、反照率和隔热屏表面辐射发射系数。最后，由实验测得了多层隔热材料的有效导热系数，验证了采用优化参数后，多层隔热材料的传热模型的正确性。     

鸡致病性大肠杆菌I型菌毛交叉保护性研究及其结构基因 FimA 的序列分析

从山东省各地分离到107株鸡致病性大肠杆菌，选择了其中2株高致病性大肠杆菌，血清型分别为O78和OM，经增菌培养后提取菌毛制备为单价菌毛油乳苗，分别接种于1日龄和14日龄雏鸡，于4周龄攻毒。结果二者之间有一定的交叉保护作用。根据Genbank收录的人源大肠杆菌I型菌毛FimA基因和P型菌毛papA基因序列，分别设计了2对引物。通过PCR对上述2株大肠杆菌进行扩增，结果只有FimA的一对引物扩增出相应的条带，经测序证明为FimA基因。papA基因的引物未扩出任何条带，证明这2株大肠杆菌表达I型菌毛。通过对2株大肠杆菌结构基因FimA进行分析，发现二者具有高度的同源性。本研究的目的是探讨菌毛亚单位之间的交叉保护性与其菌毛的结构基因之间是否存在相关性。