基于RPM快速制造金属零件的方法评述及展望

对基于ＲＰＭ的快速制造金属零件方法进行介绍和简单评述，并对快速原型制造技术在快速制造金属零件方面的应用进行了展望。     

速原型制造技术在滴灌滴头定型中的应用

该文简单介绍了滴灌技术和快速原型制造技术,重点阐述了依托快速原型制造技术的滴头产品的快速研制过程,由三维CAD模型可直接在成型机上快速做出原型,通过对快速制造原型样品的实验便可完成微滴头的快速设计定型,从而实现了节水滴头样件的快速开发.     

快速原型制造技术在滴灌滴头定型中的应用

该文简单介绍了滴灌技术和快速原型制造技术，重点阐述了依托快速原型制造技术的滴头产品的快速研制过程，由三维CAD模型可直接在成型机上快速做出原型，通过对快速制造原型样品的实验便可完成微滴头的快速设计定型，从而实现了节水滴头样件的快速开发。     

Profiling microRNA expression in bovine alveolar macrophages using RNA-seq

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression and are known to play a key role in regulating both adaptive and innate immunity. Bovine alveolar macrophages (BAMs) help maintain lung homeostasis and constitute the front line of host defense against several infectious respiratory diseases, such as bovine tuberculosis. Little is known, however, about the role miRNAs play in these cells. In this study, we used a high-throughput sequencing approach, RNA-seq, to determine the expression levels of known and novel miRNAs in unchallenged BAMs isolated from lung lavages of eight different healthy Holstein–Friesian male calves. Approximately 80 million sequence reads were generated from eight BAM miRNA Illumina sequencing libraries, and 80 miRNAs were identified as being expressed in BAMs at a threshold of at least 100 reads per million (RPM). The expression levels of miRNAs varied over a large dynamic range, with a few miRNAs expressed at very high levels (up to 800,000 RPM), and the majority lowly expressed. Notably, many of the most highly expressed miRNAs in BAMs have known roles in regulating immunity in other species (e.g. bta-let-7i, bta-miR-21, bta-miR-27, bta-miR-99b, bta-miR-146, bta-miR-147, bta-miR-155 and bta-miR-223). The most highly expressed miRNA in BAMs was miR-21, which has been shown to regulate the expression of antimicrobial peptides in Mycobacterium leprae-infected human monocytes. Furthermore, the predicted target genes of BAM-expressed miRNAs were found to be statistically enriched for roles in innate immunity. In addition to profiling the expression of known miRNAs, the RNA-seq data was also analysed to identify potentially novel bovine miRNAs. One putatively novel bovine miRNA was identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first RNA-seq study to profile miRNA expression in BAMs and provides an important reference dataset for investigating the regulatory roles miRNAs play in this important immune cell type.     

Coloring plastinated specimens

In the early days of plastination, plastinate Color was the usual grey/brown familiar to formalin‐fixed biological specimens. Initially, trials with Kaiserling's, Klotz, Jore's and McCormick's fixative solutions were disappointing. Vascular injections with Colored epoxy were a great breakthrough in the 1980s. Biodur AC10^® stain was the first stain of note to be applied to gross specimens to be plastinated and was applied in the last acetone bath. As plastination became more popular, specimen Color became an important and necessary aspect. Reactivation of the normal Color of red blood cells within a formalin‐fixed specimen was introduced as a mechanism to restore Color to plastinated specimens. Painting of plastinated vessels was tried with some success, and finally, a superior new proprietary type of silicone coloration was developed. More recently, a versatile red pigment stain was developed. All of these have added aesthetically to the plastination processes and will certainly be a reality in the years to come. The various methodologies to Color plastinates are presented. Time will tell how effective these may or may not be.     

从RPM和CNC技术的应用看木工机械技术的发展前景

RPM（快速原型制造技术）和CNC（计算机数控技术）系统是数控机床的灵魂，要满足我国木工机械的RPM和CNC化必须开展该系统的国产化研究，发展民族RPM和CNC系统产业。本文认为，移植先进RPM和CNC技术是发展木工机械的RPM和CNC制造业的捷径。通过RPM和CNC技术的普及，可以促进木工机械新技术的发展。RPM和CNC技术将使新材料在木制品加工行业得以发展，使木制品的模具业生产实现现代化，替代木制品加工组合机床，实现高速加工，使机床构件材料发生变化，使木制品制造技术中雕刻的精度和下料的精度提高。     

Restoration of hard mast species for wildlife in Missouri using precocious flowering oak in the Missouri River floodplain, USA

Increased planting of hard mast oak species in the Lower Missouri River floodplain is critical as natural regeneration of oak along the Upper Mississippi and Lower Missouri Rivers has been limited following major flood events in 1993 and 1995. Traditional planting methods have limited success due to frequent flood events, competition from faster growing vegetation and white-tailed deer herbivory. Results of early growth response of swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor Willd.) seedlings in relation to initial acorn mass and size, and early rapid shoot growth for seedlings produced by containerized root production method (RPM™), are presented. Containerized RPM™ seedlings grown in the greenhouse under optimal conditions demonstrate that seed size had no discernable impact on first-year root or shoot size. Seedling survival for the first two years and acorn production for the first three years after outplanting are presented, comparing use of containerized RPM™ swamp white oak seedlings to nursery stock. Flood tolerant precocious RPM™ oak seedlings in the floodplain provide a source of food for acorn-consuming wildlife ten to fifteen years sooner than oaks originating from natural regeneration, direct seeding or traditional bare root planting. Compared to bare root nursery stock that produced no acorns, some RPM™ swamp white oak seedlings averaged 4.3, 5.2, and 6.3 acorns/seedling in the first three years after fall outplanting. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

RPM理论及SLS加工机理在木制品加工上的应用前景展望

概述了ＲＰＭ技术的发展状况。并介绍了ＲＰＭ理论及ＳＬＳ加工机理,预测了它们在木制品加工上的应用前景,认为ＲＰＭ的理论是木材ＣＡＤ、ＣＮＣ激光技术以及控制理论的综合体现,是现代制造技术与木材加工技术的综合性和集成性的科研方向。     

RPM中点云曲面栅格法自适应分层技术

结合RPM中一般自适应分层技术及对点云均匀分层构造RP模型方法,提出点云曲面栅格法自适应分层。以栅格为基元,将点云投影栅格化,从中获取栅格点集,结合相关系数判断栅格点线性关系,由此提取层间轮廓。定义投影点云栅格面积差比为表面误差,建立其与堆层厚度的关系,通过表面误差逼近定值最终确定堆层厚度。经实例分析验证,分层结果满足RPM要求。     

Acid hydrolysis to partition plant material into decomposable and resistant fractions for use in the Rothamsted carbon model

Using various plant materials, we identified two conceptual pools of plant litter, decomposable plant material (DPM) and resistant plant material (RPM), in the Rothamsted Carbon Model (RothC) by comparing the default proportions of DPM and RPM in the RothC and proportions in plant material fractions as determined by two-step acid hydrolysis with H₂SO₄. We collected 37 plant samples from 15 species at six sites on arable land, grassland, or forest in Japan. Carbon in the plant materials was divided into three pools by acid hydrolysis: (a) Labile Pool I (LP I), obtained by hydrolysis with 5 N H₂SO₄ at 105 °C for 30 min; (b) Labile Pool II (LP II), obtained by hydrolysis with 26 N H₂SO₄ at room temperature overnight, and then with 2 N H₂SO₄ at 105 °C for 3 h; and (c) Recalcitrant Pool (RP), the unhydrolyzed residue. The average proportion of LP I in crops and grasses was 59%, which was the same as the proportion of DPM defined in the RothC as the default value for crops and grasses. The remaining 41% (23% LP II+18% RP) was consequently the same as the RPM proportion defined in the RothC. Similarly, the average proportion of LP I in all tree leaves (19%) was very close to the proportion of DPM in the RothC (20%) for trees. These results indicate that DPM in the RothC can be identified as LP I from the acid hydrolysis analysis and RPM as LP II+RP. We conclude that, at least theoretically, the use of an independent DPM:RPM ratio, as determined by acid hydrolysis analysis for each plant material, should enable more reliable modeling of SOM dynamics than the use of default DPM:RPM values provided by the model, even though the practical advantages of this method require further evaluation.