解钾菌解钾效率检测方法的比较

以中慢生根瘤菌S-15和类芽胞杆菌S-17作为供试菌株,采用细胞破碎、NH4OAc浸提、H2O2溶液消煮及不作任何前处理等4种方法,利用火焰光度计检测解钾菌发酵液中K+含量,并计算解钾菌在培养基中的解钾效率。结果表明,配制的3种钾系列标准溶液所绘制的钾标准曲线较为接近,R2分别高达0.994 4、0.9997、0.999 8。采用H2O2消煮后所测得的K+浓度最高,2株解钾菌的解钾效率分别达到101.1%、125.1%,与其他处理组之间有显著性差异。用H2O2溶液处理所得到的解钾率更能真实反映解钾菌的解钾作用。     

天然防腐剂在不同冷藏期鲜羊肉中的挥发性盐基氮和pH值变化研究

选择几种可以安全食用的微生物及其代谢产物和天然物质在0～4 ℃对鲜羊肉进行保鲜实验,从而对不同冷藏期鲜羊肉挥发性盐基氮、pH值变化进行研究。     

不同前处理对苹果渣中酚类含量及其抗氧化活性的影响

以酚类物质含量和抗氧化活性为测定指标,研究不同前处理方法对苹果渣中酚类含量及其抗氧化活性的影响.结果表明,苹果渣用0.1%柠檬酸浸泡抑制酚酶活性后,干燥和提取条件与烫漂处理的相同,类黄酮的含量为6 127(μg芦丁/g干重),黄烷醇的含量为3 481(μg儿茶素/g干重),抗氧化活性抑制率88.461%.     

Effect of microwave pre-treatment on physical quality,bioactive compounds,safety risk factor,and storage stability of peanut butter

Microwave, as a new heat treatment technology, has the characteristics of uniform and fast heating speed. It is an energy-saving technology known for improving oilseed product quality. Its efficiency mainly depends on the roasting power and time. However, the production of high-quality peanut butter using short-time roasting conditions are limited. Herein, we determined an appropriate microwave roasting power and time for peanuts and evaluated its impacts on the quality of peanut butter. Different roasting powers (400 ​W, 800 ​W and 1200 ​W) and times (4, 4.5, 5, and 5.5 ​min) were preliminarily tested. Among them, 800 ​W at 5 ​min was the most suitable. The roasting efficiency was further evaluated using color, sensory, bioactive compounds, storage stability, and safety risk factors of peanut butter produced from four peanut cultivars (Silihong, Baisha-1016, Yuanza-9102, and Yuhua-9414). The pre-treated butter obtained from three cultivars (Silihong, Yuanza-9102, and Yuhua-9414) with moisture content between 5% and 7.2% had a similar sensory score (6–7) as the commercial on a 9-point hedonic scale compare to the other. The color of the pre-treated peanut butter varies statistically with the commercial but remained in the recommended range of Hunter L1 values of 51–52, respectively, for high initial moisture peanut cultivars. The total polyphenol (35.20-31.59 ​± ​0.59 ​μmol GAE/g) and tocopherol (19.05 ​± ​0.35 ​mg/100 ​g) content in the butter obtained from three cultivars (Yuahua-9102, Yuhua, and Baisha-1016) and Silihong respectively, were significantly (P ​< ​0.05) higher than those in the commercial butter. The induction times of all pre-treated butter (19.80 ​± ​0.99–7.84 ​± ​0.07 ​h) were significantly (P ​< ​0.05) longer during storage at accelerated temperature than commercial samples. In addition, no benzo[a]pyrene was found in the pre-treated samples. Collectively, the microwave pretreated peanut butter was superior to the commercial one. These findings provided data support and a reference basis to promote microwave use for peanut butter production.     

影响蔬菜中亚硝酸盐含量的因素研究

试验研究了蔬菜在不同储存时间与储存温度、不同食用前处理和不同加工方法等条件下亚硝酸盐含量的变化,结果表明,蔬菜中亚硝酸盐的含量随储存时间的延长会逐渐升高,达到最大值后有所下降.不同蔬菜中亚硝酸盐的含量随温度的变化而不同.漂烫处理可以降低蔬菜中亚硝酸盐的含量,浸泡处理会使亚硝酸盐含量升高.蔬菜经炒熟或煮熟后亚硝酸盐含量均会降低,并且煮熟的蔬菜亚硝酸盐含量低于炒熟的蔬菜.     

溴代十六烷基吡啶对月季切花的保鲜作用

[目的]探讨季铵盐化合物溴代十六烷基吡啶（CPB）对夏季月季鲜切花瓶插期间保鲜状况的影响。[方法]分别检测蒸馏水（对照）、30g/L蔗糖＋0.25g/L柠檬酸＋0.3g/L8-HQS（处理Ⅰ）、30g/L蔗糖＋0.25g/L柠檬酸＋0.3g/L8-HQS＋0.1g/LCPB（处理Ⅱ）瓶插液中微生物浓度,并且测定了各组月季鲜切花水分、衰老等生理指标和观赏价值。[结果]与不含CPB的处理Ⅰ相比,保鲜液中添加0.1g/LCPB（处理Ⅱ）瓶插液中微生物密度降低66.5%,花冠直径增大0.86cm,观赏寿命延长3.70d,切花后期的水分平衡和鲜重能较好地维持,花瓣衰老减缓。[结论]CPB作为可降解的杀菌剂对夏季月季切花具有较好的保鲜效果。     

食品中农药残留分析方法的研究进展

由于农药残留引发的食品中毒事件时有发生,食品安全已受到人们的广泛关注和重视。因此,加强对农药残留分析方法的研究和加大对农药残留的检测力度非常重要。对近年来食品中农药残留分析的样品处理和检测方法进行了较为全面的概述,提出了农药残留分析的发展趋势。     

接种疫苗的健康风险研究进展

在广泛文献检索的基础上,对疫苗的历史、种类、防腐剂、不良反应和安全接种等进行了综述,为接种疫苗的健康风险研究提供科学资料。     

棉籽壳不同预处理与平菇子实体中游离棉酚的含量

通过在100 ℃和126 ℃下灭菌及堆积发酵等处理的含87%棉籽壳的培养料来栽培平菇,然后测定平菇子实体中棉酚的含量,结果发现棉酚含量均在国家安全标准(≦0.02%即200 mg/kg)以内,其中以堆积发酵18 d的培养料栽培得到的平菇子实体棉酚含量最低,只有24.00 mg/kg.     

预处理对SFE提取月见草种子、被孢霉菌丝体油脂的影响

以月见草种子、被孢霉菌丝体为超临界流体萃取(SFE)的试验材料,研究了不同预处理条件(水分、粉碎度、粉碎方式)在不同萃取压力下对超临界流体萃取油脂得率的影响;确定粉碎度、粉碎方式、水分与油脂萃取之间的关系。