低、无毒农药防治花灌木主要刺吸式口器害虫

在查清天津市园林主要花灌木刺吸口器害虫桃粉蚜、绣线菊蚜、棉蚜和山楂红蜘蛛发生消长规律的基础上 ,确定了防治适期和结合点 ,筛选出 10 %吡虫啉、绿灵、蚧螨灵、 1. 8%齐螨素和花保5种低、无毒药剂 ,防效均达到 90 %以上。查出天敌 13种 ,并对优势种作了取食量调查     

新疆地区啤酒花害的发螨生特点及其防治

对新疆地区啤酒花上的土耳其斯坦叶螨 Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov et Nik-lski 的生物学、发生特点及防治对策进行了初步探讨。该螨寄丰广,为害啤酒花叶片和球果。在啤酒花的毛蕊期和球果生长期有2个发生高峰。本文以啤酒花越冬期,营养生长期、生殖生长期害螨和天敌发生特点,提出了不同的防治方法和技术关键。     

A grower-friendly method to transfer predacious mites to commercial orchards

The establishment of predacious mites in commercial orchards may be accelerated by the transfer of pruned wood in winter and summer from donor orchards to release orchards. Following winter pruning, 3-year-old and older wood is collected and transported as soon as possible in bundles to a release orchard for distribution. If the release orchard is composed of dwarf trees, then one or two bundles of 5 kg each are placed vertically at the base of the trunk of every tree in the block (0.5 to 1 ha); if the trees are of standard size, then four or five bundles used. Following summer pruning, annual shoots and suckers are distributed immediately in a release orchard composed of dwarf trees by placing 12–15 branches on the foliage of fruit-bearing branches; if the release orchard is composed of standard trees, then 50 branches are used. The pruned wood should have 20–25 leaves and not less than one predator per leaf. The release orchard should have a light infestation (two or three mites per leaf) of pest tetranychids. These phytophagous mites would serve as food and help establish the predators. The release orchard grower should develop a pest management program based on the same groups of pesticides used in the donor orchard. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Aug. 31, 2005.     

温室土壤食物网静态和动态结构特征

Soil food web structure is fundamental to ecosystem process and function; most studies on soil food web structure have focused on agro-ecosystems under different management practices and natural terrestrial ecosystems, but seldom on greenhouses. This study explored the static and temporal variability of soil food structure in two greenhouses of Shandong Province, North China over a two-year period. The static properties were measured directly by surveying functional group composition and a series of parameters portraying the species properties, link properties, chain properties and omnivory properties of the web, as well as indirectly through calculation of nematode indices, enrichment index （EI）, structure index （SI）, and channel index （CI）. The dynamic variability of greenhouse soil food structure was described by the dynamics of functional groups, Bray-Curtis （BC） similarity and cluster analysis. The results showed that the greenhouse soil food web contained 14 functional groups, with microbes having the highest mean biomass, followed by protozoa. Of the three functional groups of protozoa, flagellates were the dominant group on most sampling dates, amoebae only became the dominant group during the summer, while ciliates were the least prevalent group. All nematodes were assigned into one of the four functional groups, bacterivorous, fungivorous, herbivorous and omnivorous, and the fungivorous nematodes had the lowest mean biomass. Mites were assigned into three functional groups and the omnivorous noncryptostigmatic mites were the dominant group. All the functional groups showed significant seasonal changes. The soil food web connectance was 0.15, the maximum food chain length was 5, and the average food chain length was 3.6. The profiles of the EI and SI showed that the food web was resource- depleted with minimal structure. The results of CI indicated that the bacterial decomposition pathway was the dominant pathway in the food web of the greenhouse soils studied and the results of BC similarity showed that the soil food web had higher variability and instability over time. The cluster analysis showed that the functional groups located at high trophic levels with low biomass were in a cluster, whereas those at low trophic levels with high biomass were closer. Compared with the food web structure of agroecosystem and natural terrestrial ecosystem soils, the structure of greenhouse soil food web was simple and unstable, which was likely driven by high agricultural intensification, particularly over application of fertilizers.     

利用捕食螨搭载白僵茵控制柑橘木虱的研究

进行捕食螨搭载白僵菌控制柑橘木虱的研究,结果表明：捕食螨对木虱卵、若虫有一定的捕食作用;白僵菌I2菌株对柑桔木虱卵、若虫、成虫均有很强的致病作用,第3d后死亡率达100％,对低龄若虫致病率达100％。用捕食螨搭载白僵菌孢子粉对柑桔木虱卵和成虫3d后的死亡率和致病率分别达98．4％和98．8％,对低龄若虫感染率达100％...     

乌鲁木齐地区不同生境土壤捕食性螨类群落结构及其多样性研究

[目的]研究土壤捕食性螨类群落结构及其多样性特征,为开发利用及保护乌鲁木齐地区农林害虫捕食性天敌资源提供科学依据.[方法]采用塔氏( Tullgren)分离法和群落多样性分析方法对该区不同生境土壤捕食性螨类资源的群落结构、多样性及其季节动态变化进行比较分析.[结果]乌鲁木齐市不同生境土壤农林害虫捕食性螨类3643只,分别隶属于2目21科38属.其中前气门目螨类有5科11属,中气门目螨类有16科27属,其中优势类群为美绥螨属Ameroseius、囊螨属Asca、真长须螨属Eustigmaeus和表刻螨属Epicrius 等四类,占总捕获量的61.57;.常见类群为背刻螨属Epicriopsis、毛绥螨属Lasioseius、吸螨属Bdella、肉食螨属Cheyletus、寄螨属Parasitus、真派盾螨属Euparholaspulus、尾足螨属Uropoda、维螨属Veigaia、厉螨属Hypoaspis、土厉螨Ololaelaps等10类,占总捕获量的30.47;,其余14类为稀有类群,仅占总捕获量的7.96;.在不同生境土壤捕食性螨类个体数和类群数之间差异均为显著(P＜0.05),其中自然榆林最高,菜地最低,个体数顺序为自然榆林＞植物园＞菜地＞防护林＞居民点＞草地.群落类群数及个体数的垂直分布均具有表聚性,不同生境及不同土层间差异均为极显著(P＜0.01),个体数和类群数在不同季节之间差异显著(P＜0.05),其顺序为夏季＞秋季＞冬季＞春季.群落相似性系数在不同生境样地之间基本上属于中等不相似(0.25≤q＜0.50).群落多样性指标在不同生境间差异显著(P＜0.05),其中Shannon - Wiener多样性指数(H)顺序为自然榆林＞植物园＞草地＞菜地＞居民点＞防护林.Margalef丰富度指数(M)顺序为自然榆林＞草地＞植物园＞防护林＞居民点＞菜地.[结论]乌鲁木齐地区土壤捕食性螨类资源相当丰富,因此,为了加强农林害虫的生物控制、提高绿色农产品产量,亟待进一步加强此类资源的保护利用研究.     

木槿上棉蚜及其捕食性天敌群落动态研究

对木槿上棉蚜及其捕食性天敌群落动态进行了研究。结果表明 :天敌群落主要由瓢虫类、食蚜蝇和蜘蛛类构成 ,物种丰富度较稳定 ,多样性呈先上升后下降趋势。瓢虫类主要分布于木槿中部和上部 ,食蚜蝇和蜘蛛类主要分布于木槿中部和下部。棉蚜的时间和空间生态位宽度均较大 ,表明棉蚜种群数量在时间维和空间维上的分布比较均匀。捕食性天敌中 ,龟纹瓢虫的时间×空间生态位宽度最大 ,表明其发生期较长、活动范围较广。与棉蚜的时间×空间生态位重叠度 ,龟纹瓢虫最大 ,其次为食蚜蝇 ,表明这 2种天敌对棉蚜的跟随作用较强。采用灰色关联分析法研究了各种捕食性天敌对棉蚜种群的影响程度 ,结果表明 :龟纹瓢虫 >异色瓢虫 >七星瓢虫 >食蚜蝇 >蜘蛛类