木材褐腐真菌泊氏孔菌属生态学研究

木材腐朽真菌在森林生态系统中起着关键的降解还原作用,是森林生态系统物质循环中不可缺少的重要组成部分.泊氏孔菌属的种类具有降解木材中的纤维素和半纤维素,造成木材褐色腐朽的功能,而混合于针叶林土壤中的褐腐残余物是针叶林生态系统更新所必不可少的.本文对中国地区泊氏孔菌属进行生态学的研究,结果表明树木腐烂程度与泊氏孔菌属的种类分布具有高度相关性,相关系数为0.885.寄主树木选择性的研究结果表明,泊氏孔菌属的种类主要生长在针叶树倒木上,有19种,占总数的86%,其中生长在云杉属和松属树木上的种类最多,而阔叶树中最适宜该属物种生长的树种是桦属和杨属树木.     

Effects of heartwood extractive fractions of Thuja plicata and Chamaecyparis nootkatensis on wood degradation by termites or fungi

The effect of selective removal of extractives on termite or decay resistance was assessed with matched samples of Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don and Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D.Don) Spach heartwood. Samples were extracted using a variety of solvents and then exposed to the subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki in a no-choice feeding test or to the brown-rot fungus Postia placenta (Fr.) M. Larsen & Lombard in a soil bottle test. At the same time, the effect of naturally occurring variations in heartwood extractives on termite or decay resistance was evaluated by testing samples from the inner and outer heartwood of five trees of each species against C. formosanus and P. placenta and analyzing matched wood samples for their extractive content. The results suggest that the methanol-soluble extractives in T. plicata and C. nootkatensis play an important role in heartwood resistance to attack by C. formosanus and P. placenta. Total methanol-soluble extractive content of the heartwood was positively correlated with both termite and decay resistance; however, there was much unexplained variation and levels of individual extractive components were only weakly correlated with one another. Further studies are under way to develop a better understanding of the relationships between individual extractive levels and performance.