影响番茄离体培养再生的主要因素探讨

以5个番茄品种的子叶和下胚轴为外植体,对无菌苗的生理状态、激素组合、激素浓度和基因型等影响组培效果的主要因素进行探讨,建立了番茄的高效离体培养再生体系。结果表明,下胚轴和子叶均得到了高达100%的出愈率和95%以上的分化率;最佳的品种是T431;最佳激素组合为ZT1.0mg·L-1和IAA1.0mg·L-1。     

Assessing the potential impacts of alternative landscape designs on amphibian population dynamics

An individual-based, spatially explicit population model was used to predict the consequences of future land-use alternatives for populations of four amphibian species in two central Iowa (midwest USA) agricultural watersheds. The model included both breeding and upland habitat and incorporated effects of climatic variation and demographic stochasticity. Data requirements of the model include life history characteristics, dispersal behavior, habitat affinities, as well as land use and landcover in geographic information systems databases. Future scenarios were ranked according to change in breeder abundance, saturation, and distribution, compared to baseline conditions. Sensitivity of simulation results to changes in model parameters was also examined. Simulated results suggest that while all four species modeled are likely to persist under present and future scenario conditions, two may be more at risk from future landscape change. Although the study species are all widespread generalists regarded as having a low conservation priority, they depend on wetlands and ponds, increasingly endangered habitats in agricultural landscapes. Broader conservation strategies in the region would ensure that these currently common organisms do not become the endangered species of the future.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

变叶海棠种群多样性的形成与分化研究

 采用杂种指数和形象化散点图法, 探明了变叶海棠以兼性无融合生殖方式与陇东海棠和花叶海棠产生渗入杂交变异, 又以无融合生殖方式保持新产生变异的遗传, 经过数千万年的世代繁衍,形成现今这样极其复杂多样的渗入杂交群体, 该群体为3 个种的杂交复合体。由于杂种的全部或部分能育子代中发生的基因重组和增加基因的突变, 丰富了物种的基因库, 从而深入的揭示了变叶海棠具有多种高抗性的遗传机理。在变叶海棠居群内保护或栽植适量的陇东海棠和花叶海棠, 对于保持和促进变叶海棠多样性的形成与分化具有重要意义。     

莫莫格湿地干-湿界面优势植物种群动态分析

莫莫格湿地从高河漫滩底端到顶端选取有代表性的植物群落片断作为固定观测样带,并设置6个观测样方,生长季5月、7月、9月3次观测结果表明,小叶章优势种群5月份密度最高达1154-1594株/平方米,7月种群数量下降,9月有所升高;踏头苔草优势种群5-7月份密度在3 414-7 193株/平方米,9月份种群数量大幅度下降;土壤相对含水量低地段小叶章种群相对优势度大,土壤相对含水量高地段踏头苔草种群相对优势度大,局部地段生长季内有相对优势度相互替代过程,莫莫格湿地干-湿界面上小叶章和踏头苔草两个种群可以共存。     

The re-emergence of indigenous forest in an urban environment, Christchurch, New Zealand

Christchurch, the second largest city in New Zealand is a planned city on a coastal plain on the east coast of the South Island. The birth of the city and the subsequent century of development was characterised by colonial values and tree and garden planting with familiar European species along with those from Australia, North America, and eventually all other continents. The image of an “English garden city” with classical parks of oaks and willow-lined rivers became the accepted norm and the way in which the city has been promoted to potential tourists. Gardening is one of the top two recreational activities and exotic species greatly outnumber native species in the flora and in gardens. This has had serious consequences for the highly fragmented and degraded indigenous vegetation and its co-adapted wildlife. A few hardy indigenous species continued to regenerate through this period, but since the 1970s, there has been a progressive change of attitude and interest in reclaiming the natural heritage of the city, manifest in widespread private and public planting of indigenous species and active habitat restoration. In this article we examine the indigenous and exotic shrub and tree components of the Christchurch flora as planted street trees, in domestic gardens, and in parks. We also present data on shrub and tree regeneration in parks and domestic gardens in the city. Indications are that the more sensitive, less intrusive management of urban environments, combined with the greater density of indigenous seed sources, has allowed regeneration of a wide range of indigenous species across a broad spectrum of habitats – from neglected gardens to pavement cracks to exotic plantations. This is despite the competition from the prodigious seed banks and density of exotic trees, shrubs, and ground covers and albeit minimal impacts of introduced browsing and seed eating mammals. If the present trends continue through appropriate management and facilitation, these tentative signs of native forest regeneration should eventually proliferate into a sustainable mixed origin urban forest that resurrects and preserves the natural character of the region.     

4种杀虫剂灌根对设施甜瓜主要害虫种群动态的影响

以新甜瓜为试验材料,通过小区试验评价了25％噻虫嗪WG、70％吡虫啉WG、10％氟啶虫酰胺WG及50％氟啶虫胺腈WG各3000倍液灌根处理对设施大棚甜瓜瓜蚜、烟粉虱和朱砂叶螨种群动态的影响.结果表明:3种主要害虫的发生与作物季节有关,空白对照处理最高虫量分别为33.88、92.30和480.80头·株-1.噻虫嗪、吡虫...     

紫龙角愈伤组织诱导与植株再生的研究

以紫龙角的不同器官为试材,研究不同植物生长调节剂浓度及组合、培养基、光照、外植体等因素对其愈伤组织诱导和植株再生的影响。结果表明:愈伤组织诱导的最佳外植体是不带腋芽茎块,在麦基1号+CH+6-BA 1.0～1.8mg/L+2,4-D 0.5～2.0mg/L的培养基上,暗培养6d时诱导率高达90%以上;质地紧密,有一定疏松度,是建立细胞无性系的优良材料。带腋芽茎块是直接诱导丛生芽的理想外植体,H+TDZ 4mg/L+NAA 0.4mg/L培养基适合丛生芽生长、增殖诱导率达到91%。复壮增殖不定芽的培养基为改良的H+TDZ 4mg/L+NAA 0.4mg/L;1/2MS+NAA 2.5mg/L是最佳生根培养基,每个不定芽平均有效根数最高为6.17个。     

宁夏枸杞不同外植体离体培养芽形成的研究

研究了宁夏枸杞的不同外植体,不同取材时间及生长调节剂的使用对离体培养芽化形成的影响.结果表明:(1)就外植体而言,以茎尖为外植体的芽诱导率最高,平均达到65.2%,茎段次之,诱导率平均为44.2%,叶片不能诱导形成芽.(2)就取材时间而言,以5月份的取材对芽的诱导效果最好.(3)就生长调节剂而言,BA和KT在0.1～2.0 mg/L的浓度范围内,对芽的产生起促进作用,且以BA为1.0 mg/L时效果为最好,当BA或KT和IBA配合使用时,可提高芽的诱导率,以IBA 0.5 mg/L BA 1.0 mg/L的效果最佳.     

德国核桃‘No.120'幼胚胚轴与子叶体细胞胚胎发生及其植株再生

核桃 (Juglansregia)‘No . 12 0’品系授粉 7～ 8周的幼胚胚轴与子叶在含不同植物生长调节剂组合的诱导培养基上培养 4周后转移至无植物生长调节剂的继代培养基上培养 ,不同发育时期的体细胞胚直接形成于胚轴与子叶表面。子叶与胚轴分别在KT 2mg/L BA1mg/L IBA 0 .0 1mg/L与 2 ,4 D 2mg/L KT 1mg/L的组合的诱导下体细胞胚胎发生频率最高。体细胞胚经 3～ 5℃低温处理 2个月 ,31.6%的体细胞胚能发育成正常生长的植株     

白檀未成熟胚的器官发生和植株再生

以白檀未成熟胚为试材,以改良MS为培养基,研究了白檀未成熟胚的器官发生和植株再生.结果表明:改良MS(mMS)能够很好的诱导愈伤组织,在添加了0.2 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA的培养基中,诱导率高达92.5％;胚性愈伤组织分化最佳培养基为mMS+0.25 mg/L 6-BA+0.15 mg/L NAA,分化率为72.4％;分化出的胚性愈伤组织在空白mMS培养基上继代培养15 d,76.6％的组织分化出芽,再转入1/2mMS+ 1.5％蔗糖培养基上培养20 d,芽长至1.5 cm.