合成二氢月桂烯醇的研究进展

综述了从蒎炮合成二氢月挂烯醇的路线及关键反应的研究进展，包括蒎烯氢化、蒎 烷异构化。一步法和二步法从二氢月桂烯制二氢月桂烯醇。     

Distribution of monoterpenes between organic resources in upper soil horizons under monocultures of Picea abies, Picea sitchensis and Pinus sylvestris

The aim of this study was to compare the monoterpene content and distribution in litters and roots of three conifer species: Picea abies (L.) Karst, Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. and Pinus sylvestris (L.). We analysed the monoterpene content of green needles, needle litter, F (fermentation) layer material and roots collected from monoculture plots. The rate of loss of monoterpenes from freshly fallen litter in the field was also studied at two monthly intervals over 10 months, to assess the length of time that monoterpenes entering the litter layer remain. Monoterpene analysis was carried out by extracting homogenised samples in hexane and identifying and quantifying the resulting monoterpenes using gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Mean total monoterpene concentrations varied significantly between the three species examined (e.g. in freshly fallen litter 1531 ± 96, 100 ± 5 and 1175 ± 122 μg g⁻¹ d. wt for P. abies, P. sitchensis and P. sylvestris); each species had distinctive and consistent monoterpene profiles associated with each type of tissue, and total monoterpene concentrations in green needles varied between individual trees of the same species, particularly for P. sitchensis. A substantial proportion of the monoterpene content of green needles remained in the needles after litter fall for P. abies (42%), P. sitchensis (11%) and P. sylvestris (30%). Although rates of monoterpene loss from needle litters varied initially (P. sylvestris > P. abies > P. sitchensis), the majority of the monoterpene content was lost after 4-6 months. Maximum monoterpene emission rates from decaying litter were calculated of 39 (P. abies), 1.7 (P. sitchensis) and 39 μg m⁻² h⁻¹ (P. sylvestris). Monoterpene concentrations in F layer material were very low (<10 μg g⁻¹ d. wt). Roots, particularly in P. sylvestris, represented a significant pool of monoterpenes (185 ± 16, P. abies; 258 ± 54, P. sitchensis; 2133 ± 200 μg g⁻¹ d. wt, P. sylvestris). The monoterpene profile was similar between roots and litter of P. sylvestris (α-pinene most abundant), and for P. sitchensis, (limonene and α-pinene most abundant), although a different pattern was observed between needle litter (most abundant β-pinene) and roots (most abundant myrcene) of P. abies. The relatively high concentrations and different profiles of monoterpenes characterised in upper organic soil horizons here emphasise the need for their influence on soil ecological processes to be assessed.     

α和β-蒎烯胁迫下松材线虫转录组特征

为研究松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)对寄主蒎烯胁迫反应的分子机制,按m(α-蒎烯)∶m(β-蒎烯)=1.0∶0.4配制α和β-蒎烯混合液,并以该混合液处理下的松材线虫为研究对象,通过高通量测序技术平台Illumina HiSeq 2000对其转录组进行测序。结果表明:α和β-蒎烯混合液对松材线虫繁殖率存在显著影响,低质量浓度时抑制松材线虫的繁殖,高质量浓度时促进松材线虫的繁殖。α和β-蒎烯混合液质量浓度为17.16 g L-1时对松材线虫的繁殖抑制效果最明显,从该质量浓度处理下松材线虫的转录组中筛选出差异表达基因146条,其中上调表达116条,下调表达30条,主要包括细胞色素酶P450基因家族、葡萄糖醛酸脱氢酶家族。GO富集生物学过程主要包括氧化还原作用、单体生物代谢过程以及血红素结合等功能分类,KEGG富集的代谢通路主要包括外源物质的P450代谢通路和药物代谢通路。松材线虫在蒎烯胁迫过程中细胞色素酶P450基因家族和葡萄糖醛酸脱氢酶家族可能发挥了关键作用。     

β－蒎烯合成紫苏醇的研究

研究β－蒎烯制备紫苏醇过程中的各种影响因素。探讨了β－蒎烯的四醋酸铅氧化、异构、皂化等合成紫苏醇的工艺条件及产品质量分析，结果表明，投料比：β－蒎烯：四氧化三铅：冰醋酸为１：１：１６、温度为６０士２℃时氧化１ｈ；１６０～１７０℃异构１０～１２ｈ；７８℃皂化１ｈ，可得纯度为８４．５％的紫苏醇。产品质量与国外相比基本一致。为紫苏醇产品的工业化提供了依据。     

马尾松α-蒎烯合成酶基因cDNA全长克隆及序列分析

[目的]分离克隆马尾松α-蒎烯合成酶基因cDNA全长.[方法]根据其他松科植物α-蒎烯合成酶基因保守区域设计引物,扩增出基因的部分片段,再结合RACE技术分别扩增出基因3’端和5’端序列,通过序列拼接获得cDNA全长,结合生物信息学软件分析该基因编码蛋白的特性.[结果]马尾松α-蒎烯合成酶基因cDNA全长为2 103 bp,编码区1 980 bp,编码629个氨基酸,含有1个N端结构域、1个金属结合结构域和1个天冬氨酸富集基序（DDMYD）.[结论]该方法成功克隆了马尾松α-蒎烯合成酶基因cDNA全长序列,具有单萜烯合成酶基因的典型特征,序列提交至GenBank,获得登录号KF547035.     

α－蒎烯均共聚研究新进展

分析评价了α－蒎烯均聚和共聚反应及其产物应用研究的概况，特别是１９９１年以来研究的新进展。结果表明，复合引发体系是制备高收率和高分子量（软化点）α－蒎烯聚合物的性能优良的引发体系；经臭氧化－层析法分离分析，说明采用复合体系可在较宽松的条件下（如α－蒎烯投料比≥５０％，苯乙烯转化率＜１００％）合成纯α－蒎烯／苯乙烯共聚物，并能通过控制聚合反应制备高α－蒎烯组分含量的共聚物。     

固体酸催化α－蒎烯酯化－皂化合成龙脑的研究

采用程序升温式酯化反应研究了ＧＩＣ－９０固体酸催化剂催化α－蒎烯与草酸酯化反应的规律，结果表明该酯化反应选择性较好，皂化后粗龙脑得率为４５％～５５％，副产物中二聚体较少，为８％～１０％。反应放热量较小，通过控制外加热源电压可灵活调节反应温度程序，并可惜此调节粗龙脑得率和组成。     

合成正龙脑的研制

作者研制成功了一种合成龙脑的新方法——氯乙酸法。此法所得产品质量很好,其中正龙脑含量通常在96％以上,而不含异龙脑。试验证明,在适当的温度(70℃)和催化剂存在下,正龙脑得率很高,蒎烯转化率较高。酯化反应能在稳定条件下操作,不会发生爆炸事故,克服了草酸法的缺点。本文论述了氯乙酸法的工艺过程,并对其反应条件、小型试验放大和模拟扩大试验的结果等,进行了讨论。