草莓摘叶处理对果实芳香物质的影响

 对草莓(Fragaria×ananassa Duch．)‘哈达’品种坐果后植株进行摘叶处理，对成熟果实的糖类和芳香物质含量进行了测定分析，结果表明：不摘叶、摘1/3叶和摘2/3叶3个处理果实GC/MS分析分别检测出43、33和37种芳香物质成分。随摘叶程度加重，芳香物质成分中酯类的相对含量呈下降趋势，而醛类的相对含量呈上升的趋势；2，5-二甲基-4-甲氧基-3(2H)-呋喃酮的相对含量明显降低；果糖和总糖含量显著降低。     

补光对兰云杉和红皮云杉生长的影响

云杉苗期生长缓慢是生产中的主要问题,补光可促进苗木生长,缩短育苗周期,提高育苗效率.研究不同光源(阳光灯、镝灯、碘钨灯)、不同光照时间对兰云杉和红皮云杉1年生苗苗高、地径、侧枝数、根系、生物量等生长性状的影响,结果表明:光照处理可以抑制苗木休眠,促进其持续生长,对2种云杉的各生长指标均有显著的促进作用；不同光源、不同光...     

天山云杉林冠层结构对草本物种多样性的影响

为研究天山云杉林冠层特征与林下草本物种多样性的相互关系,以新疆天格尔森林公园天山云杉林的4个龄级的林分（幼林龄、中林龄、近熟林、成熟林）为研究对象,以冠层分析仪获得的冠层结构特征和林下光环境指数等野外实际调查数据为依据,通过计算 α 多样性指数分析4个龄级的草本物种多样性,利用多元统计方法研究冠层结构对草本多样性的影响。结果表明,各个指标在不同龄级间均有一定的差异,且随着林分的生长和更新,天山云杉林呈现林冠开度逐渐减小、叶面积指数增大、林下光辐射均减弱、物种多样性指数均减小的趋势;典型模型表明林冠开度对冠层结构起到主要作用（呈极显著正相关P<0.01）,叶面积指数次之（呈极显著负相关P<0.01）;在林下辐射中,林下总辐射对林内光环境起主要作用;相比冠层结构,林下光照对草本层物种多样性的作用更大,其中林冠开度和丰富度指数之间呈显著正相关,林下总辐射、林下直射辐射和多样性指数、均匀度指数之间均呈显著正相关。     

The roles of light and pericarp on seed dormancy and germination in feral Raphanus sativus (Brassicaceae)

The timing of seed germination may determine the success of a weed species in an agroecosystem, and its expression is modulated by environmental conditions, but also by seed physiology and anatomy. The aims of this study were to investigate the roles of light, pericarp, dry storage and cold stratification on seed dormancy and germination in feral radish, a troublesome agricultural weed in temperate zones of the Americas that reduces crop yields. To this end, we used isolated intact pods and extracted seeds to test germination over time under contrasting temperature, light and storage conditions. Here, we showed that fresh seeds were non‐dormant, but that light and the presence of the pericarp reduced germination, especially under low temperatures. The pericarp reduced the final water content absorbed by seeds inside pods and decreased absorption/dehydration rates. The pericarp showed several small lignified cell layers in the endocarp, and x‐ray images displayed the lack of space between the partially embedded seed and the endocarp. Dry storage and cold stratification were ineffective in breaking the dormancy imposed by the pericarp. The apparent requirement for darkness and the mechanical restriction of the pericarp may have the potential to induce dormancy, spreading the timing of seed germination over a more extended period and hindering the control of feral radish.     

天山西部云杉林群落数量分类与排序

[目的]研究植物群落的数量分类和排序,分析植物群落与环境之间的关系,为新疆天山云杉林保护、天山西部山区森林群落更新恢复评价提供支撑.[方法]以天山西部国有林管理局巩留分局恰西森林公园为试验点,天山云杉(Picea schrenkiana var tianschanica)林为研究对象,基于群落学调查和环境因子测定数据,...     

Determination of primary structure of amberjack myosin heavy chain and its relationship with structural stability of various fish myosin rods

The structural stability of fish myosin depends upon species and temperatures of water in which fish live. Primary, secondary, and quaternary structures of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) from three species of fish living at different temperature ranges have been compared with those of rabbit MyHC in order to investigate the differences in stability. Primary structure of MyHC, although being accessible for warm-water and cold-water fish (carp and walleye pollack), was not available in previous for tropical-water fish literature; so in this study primary structure of MyHC of the tropical-water fish amberjack has been determined by cloning and sequencing its cDNA. The MyHC has 1938 amino acid residues (AA), which are almost as much as as those of carp and walleye pollack. The amberjack MyHC is 91–95% homologous with other fish and rabbit MyHCs. There is a discernible difference between animal species with stable myosin rod (amberjack, carp, and rabbit) and walleye pollack with unstable rod. Stable rod species have a high probability of forming coiled-coil around the COOH-terminal end of the rod, while the pollack has a low coiled-coil formation probability. In addition, the average scores of the coiled-coil for myosin rod were rabbit (1.738) > amberjack (1.691) > carp (1.680) > walleye pollack (1.674) which correlated exactly with the observed stability. The results suggest that coiled-coil forming ability, particularly around the COOH-terminal end, directs structural stability of fish myosin rod.     

延迟投饵对杂交鲟仔鱼生长、存活和体成分的影响

以杂交鲟(Huso huso ×Acipenser baeri )仔鱼为研究对象,将其分为 8个处理组,每组100尾(各设2个平行组),分别在孵化后6 d(对照组)、8 d、10 d、12 d、14 d、16 d和18 d开始投喂冰冻卤虫和碎水蚯蚓(以质量比1:1混合),5 d后只投喂碎水蚯蚓。第8组为饥饿组,从不投饵。水温17 ℃,实验周期30 d。结果显示,仔鱼于孵出后8日龄进入混合营养期;10日龄左右是仔鱼开始加速生长的关键时期;12日龄仔鱼进入外源性营养期。随起始投饵时间的延迟,仔鱼的全长、湿重、干重和粗蛋白含量下降,鱼体水分含量则随之升高。但对照组、8日龄及10日龄起始投喂组之间的鱼体水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量并没有显著差异(P>0.05),14日龄及其以后各起始投喂组仔鱼的生长和鱼体生化成分则与上述各组存在显著差异(P相似文献   

Gene Expression in Black Tiger Prawns Following Intramuscular Injection of β-gal Plasmid

Gene expression in black tiger prawns (Penaeus monodon) was studied following intra-muscular injection of CMVGal plasmid into the second abdominal segment. We used an in situ staining technique to detect -gal expression in one- and three-month-old injected prawns. We found that only one of the three-month-old prawns expressed the marker gene (2 days after injection), and the site of expression was confined to the sixth abdominal segment away from the injection site. We repeated the experiment on a new batch of three-month-old prawns, but using fluorometric determination technique. This time we found that -gal expression was detected (6/42) at the site of injection after 2, 7, and 14 days. In two other test samples, transgene expression was detected in the sixth abdominal segment only, further confirming the possibility of injected DNA dispersal. The results of the study also suggest that direct gene transfer is a feasible technique in black tiger prawns.     

小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林土壤酶活性的异质性

利用传统统计学与地统计学相结合的方法对小兴安岭谷地不同死亡程度云冷杉林表层土壤（0~20cm）酶活性空间异质性和格局进行研究。结果表明：①土壤脲酶变异函数曲线的理论模型符合线性模型,土壤转化酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶的理论模型符合指数模型或球状模型。②土壤酶活性各项指标的空间变异主要是由结构性因素引起,土壤碱性磷酸酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性指标的空间自相关程度均属较强以上（空间结构比均在75%以上）,土壤转化酶为中等（空间结构比均在25%以上）,土壤脲酶在较弱到中等之间变化。③云冷杉林表层土壤过氧化氢酶的自相关范围最大（0.58~3.08 m）,转化酶和碱性磷酸酶分别为1.41~3.98 m和0.91~4.29 m,而土壤脲酶自相关范围最小（15.426~16.673 m）。④土壤转化酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性的空间格局明显,土壤转化酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和土壤脲酶的分数维分别为1.930~1.990,1.910~1.986,1.923~1.997和1.936~1.970。