有源负载恒温槽性能分析

本文阐述了有源负载恒温槽的工作原理，推导了描述其静态特性的缩减因数表达式，并对这种恒温槽的性能和应用作出了评价。     

UV-absorbing compounds and susceptibility of weedy species to UV-B radiation

Stratospheric ozone (O₃) depletion has led to increased terrestrial ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation (290–320 nm). Leaves exposed to this radiation produce UV‐absorbing compounds in the epidermal cells, which protect plants from UV‐B damage. To determine the role of UV‐absorbing compounds in the UV‐B sensitivity of weeds (common chickweed (Stellaria media), downy brome (Bromus tectorum), green smartweed (Polygonum scabrum), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), spotted cat’s‐ear (Hypochoeris radicata), and stork’s‐bill (Erodium cicutarium)) seedlings were exposed to 0, 4 (field ambient), 7 (18% O₃ depletion) and 11 (37% O₃ depletion) kJ m^?2 d^?1 of biologically effective UV‐B radiation in a greenhouse. Ultraviolet‐absorbing compounds were extracted from the second true‐leaf (0.5 cm² samples) with methanol : distilled water : HCl (79 : 20 : 1) in an 85°C water bath for 15 min, and the absorbance of the extracts measured at 300 nm. The shoot dry biomass was recorded to determine the susceptibility to UV‐B radiation. Common chickweed was the most sensitive and green smartweed the least sensitive weed to UV‐B radiation. The latter accumulated more UV‐absorbing compounds and this accumulation occurred earlier compared with common chickweed. As UV‐B_BE radiation levels increased from 0 to 11 kJ m^?2 d^?1, the green smartweed shoot biomass did not decline. However, the biomass of all five susceptible species declined despite an increase in the UV‐absorbing compounds in response to increased UV‐B radiation. Therefore, formation of a ‘UV‐screen’ in these species is not sufficient to fully prevent UV‐B damage. When the concentration of UV‐absorbing compounds in the six species was plotted against their susceptibility to UV‐B radiation, no relationship was observed. Thus, while the accumulation of UV‐absorbing compounds may be a major factor in the protection of certain species against UV‐B radiation and may offer some degree of defence in other species, it does not explain UV‐B susceptibility differences in weedy species in general.     

宁波苦丁有效成分提取方法的比较及其抗氧化活性的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法(SDE)、乙醇法(EE)、超声波法(UWE)、微波法(MAE)和超临界CO2萃取法(SCDE)提取宁波苦丁有效成分,得率分别为:0.048%、0.011%、0.631%、0.522%和0.935%,毛细管GC-MS法分别鉴定出10、9、12、9和20种成分,体外抗氧化活性测试均显示了抗氧化结果,活性强度依次为:超临界CO2萃取法＞超声波法＞水蒸气蒸馏法＞乙醇法＞微波法.     

利用兽药典方法对青霉素钾工业盐和原料药的检测比较

为了辨别青霉素钾工业盐和青霉素钾原料药,依据《中国兽药典》中青霉素钾的质量标准,对四家青霉素原料药生产企业提供的4批青霉素钾工业盐和4批青霉素钾原料药进行了检测,项目包括性状、鉴别、吸光度、结晶性、溶液澄清度与颜色、青霉素聚合物、干燥失重、不溶性微粒、酸碱度、有关物质、细菌内毒素、可见异物、无菌和含量测定。结果表明,8批样品均符合现行兽药典青霉素钾标准中各项规定,但结果无法用以区分青霉素钾工业盐和青霉素钾原料药,提示青霉素钾的质量标准需进一步完善,以提高对成品药——注射用青霉素钾的质量控制。     

热辐射下汽车温度分布及隔热分析

为研究热辐射下汽车内部温度场分布及不同隔热措施下汽车温度上升状况,在COMSOL中运用表面辐射传热模块对汽车温度场进行仿真.首先在SolidWorks中建立普通小型汽车的三维模型,然后导入COMSOL并定义汽车不同部位材料属性,最后通过加载外部热辐射、表面漫反射等参数仿真了暴露在阳光下和停靠在阴影下两种状况汽车温度上升...     

沥青路面对城市大气受热的影响分析

根据云层的不同对路面有效辐射公式的系数进行修正。通过实测数据计算得到沥青路面和草地1 d内对大气热量输出值,对比不同时段沥青路面和草地对大气的热量输出情况。得到的结论表明,沥青路面辐射是热岛效应产生的一个重要原因。所以,如果降低路面温度就可以大大降低路面辐射,减轻城市热岛效应。     

不同杀菌工艺对延长货架期牛乳品质的影响

比较传统高温热杀菌、蒸汽浸入式杀菌、膜过滤结合巴氏杀菌对延长货架期牛乳品质的影响,测定不同热处理工艺对微生物指标、货架期、活性物质乳铁蛋白和免疫球蛋白G(immunoglobulin G,IgG)损失率及糠氨酸含量的影响,并优化蒸汽浸入式杀菌、膜过滤结合巴氏杀菌的工艺参数。结果表明：与传统高温杀菌工艺比较,蒸汽浸入式杀菌（147℃、0.09 s）产品货架期更长,品质更稳定,杀菌后糠氨酸含量较低且保留少量的活性物质;膜过滤结合72℃、15 s杀菌能更好地保留活性物质乳铁蛋白和IgG,但是该工艺对贮藏温度要求较高,全程贮藏温度需低于6℃,才能够确保产品在货架期内的品质稳定。     

小麦品种对增强UV-B辐射响应的RAPD分析

在前一研究结果的基础上,选用8个对UV-B辐射耐受性不同的小麦品种(4个耐性品种和4个敏感品种),进一步对其进行RAPD分析。结果表明,8个小麦品种间存在着明显的遗传多态性。聚类分析显示,在遗传距离为0.35的水平上,可将它们明显区分出耐性和敏感两大类,这与其生长响应指数(RI)的判定结果基本一致。4个耐性品种共同具有1500bp(OPA-12)的特征谱带,这一分子标记可能与小麦耐UV-B辐射相关,有待进一步研究。     

Ce对UV-B辐射胁迫下大豆幼苗光合作用影响:Ⅰ对光合色素与希尔反应活性的影响

用水培法研究Ce(Ⅲ)对紫外辐射(UV-B,280￣320nm)胁迫下油菜幼苗光合色素含量与希尔反应活性变化对光合作用的影响。静态数据表明,20mg·L-1CeCl3能有效减缓紫外辐射(T1/0.15W·m-2和T2/0.45W·m-2)胁迫所导致的光合速率下降,叶绿素与类胡萝卜素含量减少及Hill反应活性降低,使得Ce UV-B组各项指标虽低于CK,但明显优于UV-B组。动态曲线显示,Ce减缓了UV-B胁迫期各项指标的下降趋势,加快恢复期的上升速度,且最终达到较好的恢复效果。通过对Chl含量、Hill反应活性与Pn的相关统计学分析发现,Ce对UV-B辐射胁迫下Hill反应活性和叶绿素含量的调节具有改善光合功能的作用,且对Hill反应活性的调节作用大于叶绿素含量。     

CO2激光对小麦UV-B损伤防护作用的热效应机制初步研究

以6.62mW·mm-2CO2激光处理小麦(TriticumaestivumL“)小偃22-2”干(Ds)湿(Ws)种子30s后,种子温度分别由23.8℃、22.6℃升至31℃、26℃。用培养箱设定温度模拟CO2激光热效应预处理小麦种子30s后,水培至12d幼苗,在22.5μW·cm-2UV-B下辐照11h,再暗培养14h后取叶测定相关生理指标。结果表明,激光处理使小麦干种子瞬间温度升高太大,升温预处理使叶绿素含量下降,紫外吸收物含量增加,不仅没有起到防护作用反而加重了伤害;而对于小麦湿种子来说,由于含水量增加,温升较适宜,从叶绿素和丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性来看,升温预处理减弱了UV-B辐照造成的损伤,但与对照相比,并不能完全抵消这种伤害。因而CO2激光致热对小麦UV-B损伤防护的生物效应还难以判定。