基于用户参与的科研院所机构知识库建设模式研究

文章以用户参与为理论基础,以融入科研管理为实践目标,创新性地提出一种适合科研院所的机构知识库建设模式,并以江苏省农业科学院为例进行了实证研究,该模式兼具传统机构知识库功能,又能体现科研机构特色、解决科研机构成果管理问题.在此基础上,还分析明确了适用于科研院所成果管理和共享的数据审核流程、元数据标准规范、功能模块、系统架构、管理运行机制等.     

中国乡村社区参与旅游开发研究

为了更好的促进乡村旅游的可持续发展,促进农村剩余劳动力就业问题的解决,促进“三农问题”的解决,社区参与乡村旅游的问题亟待研究。笔者通过对中国社区参与乡村旅游的现状进行分析,和对国内外社区参与乡村旅游的成功模式进行总结的基础上,提出了中国在加强社区参与乡村旅游方面的几点建议。建议主要包括加强认识社区参与乡村旅游的必要性,并深刻挖掘其内涵,大力提倡社区参与,扩大专题交流,因地制宜,与时俱进,加强社区居民的培训,在把握可持续发展原则的基础上实现规范化、制度化和高效化。     

浙江省绍兴市非公有制林业发展现状及对策

绍兴市非公有制林业目前存在的问题和困难有:①认识不足,缺乏宽松的外部环境;②融资贷款难;③采伐限额管理制约着林农的木材生产经营自主权;④活立木难以作为资产抵押;⑤经营规模小,管理水平低,服务体系仍不健全等.通过调研,作者认为应从以下几方面着手解决上述问题:①把发展非公有制林业经济作为今后一个时期林业工作的战略重点,加快创新机制和林业法律法规的建设;②培育活立木市场,建立森林资源评估机构,做好流转服务工作;③拓宽融资渠道,鼓励具备条件的非公有制林业企业上市融资;④允许林木资产以抵押形式向银行贷款;⑤运用经济杠杆作用,引导社会参与投资;⑥培育龙头企业,实施"公司 基地 农户"的经营方式;⑦健全林业社会化服务体系.参6     

Turning back the tide of American mink invasion at an unprecedented scale through community participation and adaptive management

Successful eradications of harmful invasive species have been mostly confined to islands while control programs in mainland areas remain small, uncoordinated and vulnerable to recolonisation. To allow the recovery of threatened native species, innovative management strategies are required to remove invasives from large areas. We took an adaptive approach to achieve large scale eradication of invasive American mink in North East Scotland. The project was centred on the Cairngorms National Park (Scotland), with the primary aim of protecting endangered water vole populations. The project was initiated by scientists and supported and implemented through a partnership comprising a government agency, national park authority and local fisheries boards. Capitalising on the convergent interests of a diverse range of local stakeholders, we created a coordinated coalition of trained volunteers to detect and trap mink. Starting in montane headwaters, we systematically moved down river catchments, deploying mink rafts, an effective detection and trapping platform. Volunteers took increasing responsibility for raft monitoring and mink trapping as the project progressed. Within 3 years, the project removed 376 mink from 10570 km² with the involvement of 186 volunteers. Capture rate within sub-catchments increased with greater connectivity to mink in other sub-catchments and with proximity to the coast where there is more productive habitat. The main factor underpinning the success of this project was functional volunteer participation. The project is a reason for optimism that the tide of invasion can be rolled back on a large scale where the convergent interest of local communities can be harnessed.     

民族地区社区参与旅游现状与对策研究--以贵州云峰屯堡景区为例

指出了社区公众参与旅游是影响旅游景区经营管理绩效的重要因素,也是评价旅游景区良性发展的重要指标。分析了民族地区社区参与旅游发展中所存在的问题,以贵州云峰屯堡景区为例,对近年来其在经营管理上存在的问题进行了深入探讨,提出了解决问题的有效途径。     

农民参与评价农地整理项目的意愿及其影响因素

利用农地整理区农户问卷调查数据,从整体意愿、个体特征、家庭特征和认知水平等方面分析农民参与评价农地整理项目的意愿,并对农民参与评价的意愿影响因素进行计量分析。结果表明:受访农民参与评价的意愿较高,超过八成;不同个体特征、家庭特征和认知水平的受访农民参与评价意愿存在差别;农业劳动力数量、农民对农地整理项目评价的认知程度、政府对农民的规划设计意见的重视程度和政府对项目政策宣传的重视程度等4个变量显著影响农民参与评价的意愿;性别、是否村干部和是否党员等8个变量对农民参与评价的意愿没有显著影响。因此,政府部门应改革现有项目评价制度,重视农民在项目各阶段评价中的作用,加大农民培训和政策宣传力度,提高农民人力资本和就业能力,为耕地流转和农民转向非农部门创造条件。     

The Public Participation in the Urban Planning

The policy of public participation in urban planning was first practiced in Europe in the 1960s. After 40 years of development, the policy has become the essential step of city planning in Western countries where as is just at the elementary step in China. For the purpose of knowing the situation about the policy performing in local cities and discussing the feasibility of public participation in urban planning, several kinds of investigation have been done. From the investigation, it is found that although the public participation has already been the important step of urban planning in some city during just several years,there are still many problems. This paper shows a panorama view of this issue. Th describe the future of public participation in e authors will offer some solutions according to the problems and the urban planning.     

数字技能如何影响农民电商参与行为？——基于信息获取的中介效应分析

为探究数字技能对农民电商参与行为的影响及作用机制,基于2020年中国乡村振兴综合调查（CRRS）数据,立足“手段-自由-成就”的可行信息能力理论,构建“数字技能-信息获取-电商参与”的理论分析框架,采用二元Probit、Tobit和中介效应等分析方法,从信息获取的中介视角实证检验数字技能对农民电商参与决策及程度的影响,并进行稳健性检验和异质性分析。结果表明：1）数字技能对农民电商参与决策和程度均具有显著正向影响;2）信息获取在数字技能对农民电商参与决策和程度的影响中存在部分中介效应,中介效应占总效应的比重分别为11.76%和11.73%;3）数字技能对收入水平较高、受教育水平较高的农民,电商参与决策和参与程度的正向影响更为显著。政府应从有效提升农民数字技能水平,稳步实现信息获取自由,加强关注农民内部分化3方面提升农民电商参与率和程度。     

探索农村参与式科技传播之新路——淳化县孙家咀村村民变化案例分析

农业科学技术在农村社会发展中发挥越来越重要的作用,而农业技术传播的有效性不仅取决于成果本身的先进性和实用性,而且与其传播的方式和社区环境密切相关。随着农业女性化,农业科技传播的受体应该转向农村妇女。2002~2005年,陕西省淳化县农村实施了“农村参与式科技传播”项目,采用参与式科技传播新方法,以无公害苹果生产技术为切入点,到2005年,项目村家庭经济收入发生了显著变化,人均收入增加2.42倍,苹果收入增加1.66倍,全村的固定资产增加2.8倍;其次农村妇女能力建设成效显著,表现在家庭事务决策和社区管理与发展等方面。     

Agricultural extension approach: evidence from an Integrated Soil Fertility Management Project in Ethiopia

Agricultural extension is an approach to rural development and agricultural transformation in which training, demonstration and technology transfer are key to reducing rural poverty, ensuring food security, and sustainably managing natural resources. During recent decades, different extension approaches have been tested and validated by the Ethiopian government and non-governmental organizations to stimulate participation in the agricultural extension system (AES). The most recent was a German-funded project entitled “Integrated Soil Fertility Management Project” (ISFM⁺), which employed a novel approach to piloting and upscaling proven technology and best practice. The purpose of this study was to analyze and document the modalities of ISFM⁺ and illustrate its effects on technology uptake and dissemination. The study used a mixed methods approach to collect data. ATLAS.ti and SPSS were used for data management and analysis. Farmer Research and Extension Groups and Farmer Field Schools were found to be central to the participation process. Also, the ISFM⁺ was found to aid technology transfer and helped to increase grain and residue yields as well as farmer livelihoods. Based on these empirical findings, it is argued that the ISFM⁺ approach and technology should be integrated and institutionalized in the mainstream AES in order to promote their extensive application.