国土空间规划背景下PPGIS在风景园林规划与设计的应用初探

随着国土空间规划体系正式建立和高质量发展时代来临,风景园林规划与设计相关领域也出现了新的发展动向：公众参与逐渐走进国内大众视野。公众参与地理信息系统（PPGIS）作为连接公众和空间规划与设计的技术桥梁具有重大研究意义。分析了 PPGIS 理论体系及研究现状,初步构想了 PPGIS 在风景园林规划与设计中的应用及研究内容：空间数据获取及量化分析、过程监控及后评估、可视化人机交互技术、面向实施的公众参与和多元创新机制等,并提出存在问题和发展方向。     

参与式地理信息系统研究综述

参与式地理信息系统(PGIS或PPGIS)是参与式理念和方法与地理信息技术与系统(GITS)结合后的应用领域。20年来,PGIS被世界各地作为促进社区和公众利用GITS来组织科学和乡土空间信息的一种技术或工具,也作为一项有效的参与式规划支持系统(PSS)。基于PGIS文献研究和作者的实践,首先较全面地介绍了PGIS兴起的技术和社会背景;然后基于参与理念,澄清其对传统GIS择优与摈弃后所表现出的主要特征;最后,根据不同项目对参与程度(质量)的不同追求,将其分为基于网络PPGIS、社区融合GIS、可视交互式PGIS和参与性GIS等4种应用形态,并分析其当前研究进展。研究表明,PGIS还处于发展之中,仍有许多技术、社会和政治问题有待深入研究和探索。     

PPGIS与新型城镇化：城市少数民族参与城镇建设的新媒介

21世纪上半叶,中国处于城镇化快速发展阶段,新型城镇化的概念也在这一时期提出,以应对过速城镇化产生的问题.本文在系统阐述新型城镇化面临的诸多挑战的基础上,聚焦作为城镇弱势群体之一的城镇少数民族,提出大力加强城镇少数民族参与新型城镇化过程应是今后政府工作的重点之一.作者提出公众参与的地理信息系统（PPGIS）作为促进城镇少数民族参与城镇建设的新媒介,将在提高少数民族融合程度方面发挥积极广泛的作用,应予以关注并推广.     

Shortcuts in urban green spaces: An analysis of incidental nature experiences associated with active mobility trips

Nature experiences and active mobility both deliver well-being and health benefits but have rarely been investigated together. Conceptualizations of nature experiences largely focus on intention, and the planned motivations for visits. However, nature experiences can also be perceived incidentally, if daily living activities like trips are encouraged towards green spaces. In a public participation GIS (PPGIS) survey of five local districts in Copenhagen, 517 respondents mapped 688 places along their walking or cycling shortcut trips through green spaces. This study investigated what types of green space provide opportunities for such shortcuts, what incidental nature experiences can be perceived there and the different responses of pedestrians and cyclists. This study also explored the relation between incidental nature experiences and green space characteristics in the form of tree cover density. Lastly, this study explored whether frequent short trips through green spaces relate to nature connectedness. The results show that public green spaces and urban cemeteries in Copenhagen allow for such shortcut trips. Enjoyment of pleasing views is the most perceived incidental nature experience. Pedestrians are found more prone to experience surprise, inspiration and emotion, while cyclists prefer shortcuts close to water, which they value highly. The study suggests that high tree cover density is key to delivering incidental nature experiences. Furthermore, the study shows that people who make frequent trips through green spaces have higher levels of nature connectedness, indicating that incidental nature experiences during shortcut trips trigger the reconnection of people and nature. The study’s results support a synergistic approach to integrating green spaces and active mobility in planning and management practice, where incidental nature experiences should be emphasized.     

Humanization of nature: Testing the influences of urban park characteristics and psychological factors on collegers’ perceived restoration

Previous studies have mainly focused on the independent role of landscape characteristics or preference on psychological restoration respectively. However, few studies have explored the complex relationships between restorative effects, landscape characteristics, preference and place bonding factors, particularly in urban parks. The development of new data environment and technique methods enables such a synthesis of innovative approach to reveal the influences of urban park characteristics and various psychological factors on collegers’ perceived restoration. A typical urban park in Wuhan, China, was selected for pilot study, in which 1560 crowdsourced images were collected using the Public Participation Geographic Information System (PPGIS) tool. With the help of Deep Learning techniques, landscape characteristics were combined with perceptual factors for the Partial Least Squares (PLS) based statistical analysis. It was found that some landscape properties, such as vegetation and water, presented indirect impacts in activating restoration via psychological mediators. The mediating effect of sense of place and the moderating effects of landscape characteristics on the preference-restoration nexus were revealed. These findings shed new light on the complex process in environmental restoration in which psychological and physical factors are intertwined. At the end, theoretical and managerial implications were proposed for the improvement of landscape planning in restoration studies.     

How perceived sensory dimensions of urban green spaces affect cultural ecosystem benefits: A study on Haizhu Wetland Park,China

Research exploring the relationship between human well-being and ecosystem functions by assessing cultural ecosystem benefits (CEBs) is a crucial and emerging field. However, quantifying CEB is challenging due to the lack of a uniform measurement scale. In addition, it is crucial to understand the factors that influence CEBs to enhance ecosystem functions and contribute to human well-being. While physical landscape features have been investigated, there is limited evidence supporting the link between perception-based landscape features and CEBs. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a CEBs measurement scale and investigate the impact of perceived sensory dimensions (PSDs) of urban green spaces (UGSs) on CEBs. We conducted a Public Participation GIS-survey (PPGIS) at Guangzhou National Haizhu Wetland Park. 1473 participants took part in our study and evaluated the CEBs provided by urban green spaces (UGSs). Using SPSS statistics and ArcMap tools, we found that PSDs of UGSs are significantly associated with CEB. Additionally, we confirmed that different levels within a PSD influence the levels of CEBs gained from UGSs. Our results indicate that creating serene, open, and natural UGSs is more effective than incorporating numerous cultural elements. In conclusion, this study introduces PSDs into the framework of CEB, which landscape architects can use to shape the specific environmental characteristics of UGSs and provide the CEBs required to support the well-being of urban populations.