Discussion of the Application and Foreground of Falling Water Aeration with the Process of Sewage Treatment

The engineering design of sewage treatment plant for the Chongqing city, P. R. China is analyzed in this paper. Considering the situation of China and other projects, the characteristics of falling water reactor for the environment protection project and economy of investment is introduced ; the application and foreground of falling water aeration in the process of sewage treatment is discussed, such as Oxidation - ditch, SBR, and so on. The conclusion indicated that the falling water aeration can be designed and used as an independent aeration, and, it is an upgraded technology of sewage treatment which is adaptive for city water environment control in middle and small towns in China. The falling water aeration may reduce running cost of the sewage treatment plant, is adaptive for foothill and the mountainous areas, and reduces project investment and environments damage.     

利用补气提高催化转化器效能的研究

进行了补气量对催化转化器降低二冲程小型汽油机排放影响的试验。对补气系统的结构参数如补气管及补气阀进气管尺寸，补气孔位置进行了试验与调整，以达到最佳降排放效果，试验结果表明，补气对于利用催化转化器降低二冲程小型汽油机排放非常重要，且补气量存在一最佳值，各结构因素都会对排放造成重要影响。应合理选取。     

水钠锰矿对Cr(Ⅲ)离子的吸附解吸及氧化行为

采取等温吸附热力学方法,探讨了锰氧化合物(水钠锰矿)对Cr(Ⅲ)离子的吸附解吸和氧化特征及温度、pH等因素对其影响。研究结果表明,随着Cr(Ⅲ)初始加入量的增加,总铬吸附量逐渐增大,用Langmuir方程可以很好地描述吸附等温线数据;达到反应平衡时,水钠锰矿对Cr(Ⅲ)离子的氧化量与加入初始Cr(Ⅲ)的浓度呈极显著线性正相关,而水钠锰矿对Cr(Ⅲ)的氧化率,随初始Cr(Ⅲ)浓度增加而减小;温度是影响水钠锰矿对Cr(Ⅲ)的吸附和氧化的重要因素,35℃时的吸附量显著低于25℃时的吸附量,而35℃时的氧化量、氧化率明显高于25℃时的氧化量、氧化率,表明升温对吸附反应不利,而对氧化反应有利;溶液酸度对于Cr(Ⅲ)的吸附和氧化有着不同的影响,随着pH的升高,Cr(Ⅲ)离子氧化量、氧化率增大,然而,水钠锰矿对总Cr的吸附量则随着pH的升高而减小,表明pH的升高有利于氧化反应,而对吸附反应不利。     

1-O-甲基-2-C-β-甲基-3,5-二-O-(2,4-二氯苄基)-α-D-呋喃核糖的合成

以D-呋喃核糖为原料,经羟基保护、选择性脱除2位羟基保护基团、氧化、羰基加成,合成1-O-甲基-2-C-β-甲基-3,5-二-O-(2,4-二氯苄基)-α-D-呋喃核糖。2,4-二氯氯苄作为羟基保护试剂,2位脱保护产率可达79.1%,DMP作为氧化剂,氧化产率可达91.8%,甲基锂作为羰基加成试剂,得到β构型产物。产物结构经NMR、IR和MS表征。     

8-羧基喹唑啉酮衍生物的合成

以2-氨基-3-甲基苯甲酸为起始原料,经醋酸酐乙酰化、氧化、关环、取代等反应,设计合成了一系列8-羧基-2-甲基-3-芳基(脂肪基)-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮衍生物,所有目标化合物均测定了熔点并通过了1H NMR和质谱结构表征。通过单晶结构测试,发现该类化合物存在很强的氢键,很难进一步酯化或合成酰胺。     

香蕉皮多酚和多糖的提取工艺及其抗氧化性

国内外研究表示,香蕉皮作为农业生产中的废弃物,富含多种活性成分,具有良好的抗氧化性,其中多糖和多酚的含量相对较高。为将其废物资源化利用,文章对香蕉皮多糖和多酚的抗氧化能力和提取工艺进行了归纳与总结,通过对比这两种物质的提取方法、提取时间、提取率和提取物的性质,确定超声辅助提取法为提取的较优方法。抗氧化能力的研究内容包括多酚在油脂、自由基、亚硝酸盐等七种体系中的作用效果,以及在Fe2+--Vc体系诱导下的线粒体脂质抗氧化的特点,多糖对人乳腺癌MCF_7细胞的增殖有明显抑制作用,可降低动、植物两种不同油脂的氧化,且在体外对自由基有清除能力。研究明确了香蕉皮多糖和多酚在医疗保健、化妆品、食品等领域的潜在应用。     

Biotransformation of clomazone in rice (Oryza sativa) and early watergrass (Echinochloa oryzoides)

Rice (Oryza sativa), a relatively tolerant species, and early watergrass (Echinochloa oryzoides; EWG), a relatively susceptible species, were exposed to ¹⁴C-labeled clomazone to determine accumulation, biotransformation, and mass balance. On a total mass basis, rice absorbed more clomazone than EWG (p < 0.05), but on a nmol/g basis, there was no significant difference between the two species (p > 0.05). Rice contained more extractable ¹⁴C residues (7.7 ± 0.5 vs. 4.8 ± 0.5 nmol in rice vs. EWG, respectively; p < 0.5), but the concentration in EWG was significantly higher (4.2 ± 0.5 vs. 1.8 ± 0.1 nmol/g in EWG vs. rice, respectively; p < 0.01). More metabolized residue was measured in EWG compared to rice (84.1% vs. 67.9%; p < 0.01). Both species produced hydroxylated forms, β-d-glucoside conjugates, and several other unidentified polar metabolites, but EWG generally produced higher metabolite concentrations. The concentration of the suspected active metabolite, 5-ketoclomazone, was significantly higher in EWG vs. rice (21 ± 2 vs. 5.7 ± 0.5 pmol/g, respectively; p < 0.01). Differences in sensitivity to clomazone between rice and EWG appear to be due to differential metabolism, but in this case the more susceptible EWG qualitatively and quantitatively metabolized more clomazone than the more tolerant rice. This is consistent with the action of a metabolically activated herbicide. This metabolic difference could be exploited to develop herbicide safeners for use with clomazone.     

一株嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌的分离及其氧化活性的研究

本研究从铜陵新桥矿区的高硫矿堆废水中分离一株嗜酸菌S t1,经生理生化特征及16S rDNA分子鉴定,确定其为嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌。该菌株分别在含有FeSO4·7H2O、S0、黄铁矿石颗粒（FeS2）的9K无机盐液体培养基中获得生长所需要的能量。结果嗜酸菌S t1对Fe2＋氧化速率最快,培养到36h时溶液中44.1g·L-1 FeSO4·7H2O有95%被氧化;S0为能量底物的培养体系中,培养到26d时培养液中SO42-浓度达到2.2412 mg· mL-1,pH值降至1.18;黄铁矿石颗粒（FeS2）为能量底物的培养体系中,SO42-平均生成速率为1.3602 mmol·L-1·d-1,黄铁矿石颗粒氧化速率达到0.068mmol·d-1·g-1。     

水稻白叶枯病菌转录调控因子OxyRxoo对细菌抗氧化系统的调控作用

病原细菌对活性氧的降解是抗氧化和侵染中的重要毒性机制之一。阐述了水稻白叶枯病菌（Xanthomonas oryzaepv.oryzae）的转录调控因子OxyRxoo在病菌抗氧化系统中的调控作用,以及目前对OxyRxoo的研究进展。     

亚硝酸钠作氧化剂快速合成正丁醛

以乙酸酐为溶剂,NaNO_2为氧化剂,由正丁醇合成正丁醛。考察了不同反应条件对反应产率的影响,优化出最佳反应条件,收率达89．0%