石榴果皮煎剂对蛋仔公鸡免疫机能的影响

在蛋仔公鸡饮水中添加石榴皮煎提剂后,石榴果皮煎剂能够显著提高免疫器官指数和单核吞噬细胞吞噬指数,并且以1％的添加水平效果最好。     

两种夜蛾科昆虫卵的超微形态特征对比研究

[目的]探索甜菜夜蛾和烟青虫卵的形态学特征,为卵的发育及种群鉴定积累资料。[方法]运用扫描电子显微镜对两种昆虫卵的超微结构特征进行观察。[结果]甜菜夜蛾和烟青虫的卵均为球状,前者卵壳表面具网状纹饰,且分布有较多的呼吸空,卵孔外围的梅花状刻纹卵石状;后者卵壳表面隆起贯穿两极,隆起间具梯形纹饰,亚极区的隆起上分布有乳突,未见呼吸孔的分布。[结论]甜菜夜蛾和烟青虫卵的超微结构特征存在种间特异性,超微特征丰富了两种昆虫的个体发育资料,也为两种昆虫的卵及其外类群的准确鉴定提供参考。     

牛活体采卵技术研究进展

活体采卵(Ovum Pick-up,OPU)可生产大量遗传品质优良、系谱明确的体外受精胚胎,成为牛胚胎移植的重要胚胎来源,在奶牛和肉牛生产中得到广泛应用。本文综述了牛OPU技术特点和优势,重点分析了影响OUP效率的因素,以期为牛OUP胚胎生产提供参考。     

雪龙黑牛活体采卵与屠宰采卵在体外受精技术中的应用研究

利用超声波活体采卵技术(ovum pick-up,OPU)对12头纯种雪龙黑牛间隔4d采卵2次,对51头F2代遗传性能优秀的雪龙黑牛每周采卵1次,并对活体采卵与屠宰采卵及体外受精后胚胎的发育进行了对比分析.结果表明,活体采卵第2次卵泡数比第1次多82个,而获得的卵母细胞数第2次比第1次少1 2枚;屠宰采卵优秀卵母细胞率高于活体采卵,并且囊胚发育率高于活体采卵.     

白斑综合症病毒（WSSV）对中国对虾卵及各期幼体人工感染的试验研究

用感染白斑综合症毒病的中国对虾头胸甲，对健康的仔虾进行了人工投喂感染实验，同时从病虾中分离出病毒悬液作为毒种，无节幼体，蚤体 幼体和糠虾体进行不同温度条件下的人工浸浴实验，结果表明，卵和无节幼体，蚤状幼体，糠虾幼对病毒悬液不敏感,闰理切片观察未见病毒粒子，光镜病理切片可观空到鳃上皮，前肠上皮有包涵体样病变，同时在肝胰组织中发现了肝胰腺细小病毒（HPV）包涵体。     

日本壶链蚧危害规律研究(英文)

[目的]了解不同寄主植物、栽植方式、树体方位等对日本壶链蚧发生危害的影响。[方法]对苏州地区不同寄主植物、栽植方式、树体方位日本壶链蚧的虫口数量、雌介壳大小、卵量进行了调查。[结果]日本壶链蚧对寄主植物具有选择性,在木兰科植物上虫口数量、雌蚧大小、产卵繁殖力均高于在其他科植物上;寄主植物各方位受害程度不同,多以北面受害较重;广玉兰群植比单株栽植受害重。雌蚧壳大小、质量与卵量呈显著线性关系,质量与卵量关系密切;通过测雌蚧质量,利用方程y=2E-05x+0.003 7能准确预测产卵量。[结论]为制定有效的日本壶链蚧防治方案提供了参考。     

超临界CO2萃取精馏技术在林蛙卵油脱腥中的应用研究

利用超临界CO2萃取-精馏技术,以林蛙卵油为原料,萃取获得林蛙卵油,以实现降低腥味目的。研究结果表明:在本实验采用的萃取精馏条件下,林蛙卵油得率受到的影响最小,腥味基本消除。     

Improved embryo development in Japanese black cattle by in vitro fertilization using ovum pick-up plus intracytoplasmic sperm injection with dithiothreitol

The purpose of this study was to determine whether dithiothreitol (DTT) treatment of sperm and ethanol activation improve embryo production by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Further, we compared ICSI with standard in vitro fertilization (IVF) in oocytes obtained from cattle. We demonstrated that DTT reduced the disulfide bond in the bovine sperm head. Using oocytes obtained from a slaughterhouse, ICSI-DTT treatment without ethanol showed the highest rate of blastocyst formation. We applied these results to fertilization using ovum pick-up (OPU). Eleven Japanese black cattle served as donors for OPU plus standard IVF (OPU-IVF). Of them, four donors with low embryo development rates were selected to determine whether embryo development was enhanced by OPU plus ICSI (OPU-ICSI). We assessed effects on embryo development following IVF and ICSI in oocytes obtained using OPU. Blastocyst rates were significantly higher for OPU-ICSI than for OPU-IVF. Our results suggest that OPU-ICSI improves the blastocyst development rate in donors with low embryo production compared with the standard OPU-IVF.     

牛活体采卵及其在体外受精中的应用

利用超声波活体采卵技术(ovum pick-up, OPU)对奶牛的活体采卵技术进行了研究,探讨活体采卵频率以及用FSH处理后对卵母细胞回收的影响,并对比了活体采卵与屠宰场采卵体外受精后胚胎的发育。结果表明：每周采2次与每周采1次可获卵母细胞数差异显著;用FSH在采卵前3d处理不发情母牛和发情母牛,发现两组平均获卵数差异不显著,且回收率和优质卵母细胞率差异不显著;活体采卵和屠宰场采卵的优质卵母细胞数和囊胚率差异显著。     

Clinical Application of in Vitro Embryo Production in the Horse

The first reports of in vitro embryo production (IVEP) by conventional in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in horses date respectively from approximately 30 and 25 years ago. However, IVEP has only become established in clinical practice during the last decade. The initial slow uptake of IVEP was largely because the likelihood of success was too low to make it an economically viable means of breeding horses. During the last decade, the balance has shifted, primarily because of significant improvements in the efficiency of recovering immature oocytes from live donor mares (historically <25%; now >50%) and in the successful culture of zygotes to the blastocyst stage in vitro (historically <10%; now >20%). It has also been established that immature oocytes can be “held” at room temperature for at least 24 hours, allowing overnight transport to a laboratory with expertise in IVEP. Moreover, because in vitro–produced embryos can be cryopreserved with no appreciable reduction in viability, they can be shipped and stored until a suitable recipient mare is available for transfer. Most importantly, in an established equine ovum pick-up intracytoplasmic sperm injection (OPU-ICSI) program, blastocyst production rates now exceed 1 per procedure, and posttransfer foaling rates exceed 50%, such that overall efficiency betters that of either embryo flushing or oocyte transfer. Moreover, OPU-ICSI can be performed year round and allows embryo production from mares with severe acquired subfertility and extremely efficient use of scarce or expensive frozen semen. Cumulatively, these factors have stimulated rapid growth in demand for IVEP among sport horse breeders.