常用杀虫剂对双斑恩蚜小蜂的安全性评价

试验测定了8种常用杀虫剂对双斑恩蚜小蜂成虫、蛹及寄生率的影响。结果表明,不同杀虫剂对双斑恩蚜小蜂不同发育阶段的影响不同,其中,除灭蝇胺外（死亡率为3.2%）,双斑恩蚜小蜂成虫对各类杀虫剂均比较敏感,死亡率较高;蛹期相对安全,除哒螨灵造成蛹91.7%死亡外,其它药剂处理后,蛹的羽化率均在25%以上。另外,药剂处理后,对天敌后期寄生率及种群增殖都有不同程度的影响。     

花椒天牛空间分布型的研究

１９９２～１９９３年在河北省涉县对花椒天牛在树上的分布规律以及空间分布型进行了系统研究。结果表明：在同一环境中植株越大受害愈重；老熟幼虫有８８．６％分布于１ｍ以下的树干上；花椒天牛幼虫的空间分布型属于聚集分布。还对其理论抽样数进行了研究。     

不同药剂对两点山钩蛾的毒力测定和防效试验

7种农药对两点山钩蛾室内毒力测定的结果表明:48%毒死蜱、2.5%溴氰菊酯、1%甲氨基阿维菌素、20%氯虫苯甲酰胺、Bt和20%虫酰肼6种农药之间的差异不显著,药后3 d的校正死亡率均在96%以上,而77.5%敌敌畏的毒力较差;野外防治试验表明:除敌敌畏外,6种农药药后7 d的校正防效均在96%以上。     

Maize planting time and arthropod abundance in southern Mindanao,Philippines. II. Population dynamics of natural enemies

Abstract

Beneficial arthropods were monitored in monthly plantings over 4 years in a rainfed, triple-maize cropping system in southern Mindanao, Philippines. Generalist predators and two egg parasitoids of the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) (ACB) did not show significant differences in abundance with respect to calendar month of planting over 39 crops. Two species of Trichogramma (T. evanescens Westwood and T. chilonis Ishii) collectively parasitized 67% of ACB egg masses and 58% eggs over the study becoming more abundant as the crop aged. The closeness of the two parasitism rates suggests that to increase parasitoid efficacy, particularly early in the crop, the best strategy would be augmentation and to increase longevity of wasps by providing carbohydrate sources to extend their searching time. Unparasitized egg masses tended to be smaller showing they were more likely to be overlooked. The ratio between the two parasitoids was 56:44 in favour of the former. Trichogramma evanescens had been introduced 2 years earlier by a government project, whereas T. chilonis probably was introduced by sugarcane estates. Prior to their introduction there were no ACB egg parasitoids in the Philippines and both are firmly established as annual parasitism levels did not continue to rise during the study. Parasitoid activity caused significant reductions in neonate ACB larval numbers beginning 7 weeks after crop emergence in an average crop. Egg parasitism rates were positively and linearly correlated with ACB egg mass density. A quadratic regression model was established between mean egg parasitism rates and egg masses size with peak parasitism rates occurring at 25 eggs per mass. Collectively 32 species of generalist predators averaged 0.9 – 1.5 individuals per plant based on weekly samplings. If ants were excluded, the average dropped to 0.1 – 0.3 per plant. Ants, dominated by Solenopsis geminata (F.), fed on ACB eggs and larvae. Coccinellids as the next most numerous were represented by three species where Micraspis crocea (Mulsant) in particular tracked ACB egg masses and probably the corn leaf aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) as well. Four species of orthropterans also tracked ACB egg masses. The third most abundant guild was 17 spiders with the oxyopid Oxyopes javanus Thorell and the araneid Araneus inustus (C.L. Koch) highly correlated with ACB egg mass densities. Other spiders targeted ACB moths and Atherigona oryzae Malloch adults. The predatory mirid Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter probably targeted the corn leafhopper Cicadulina bimaculata (Evans) and possibly thrips Thrips palmi Karny and Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall). The lacewing Chrysopa sp. was abundant late in the crop when aphids were present on tassels.     

Population dynamics of portunid crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Charybdis bimaculata</Emphasis> in Ise Bay,central Japan

ABSTRACT:   The present study dealt with seasonal and interannual variations in the abundance and biomass, and spatio-temporal distributions of the portunid crab Charybdis bimaculata dominant in Ise Bay, central Japan. The abundance and biomass of the crab decreased in summer when the oxygen-poor water developed in central or inner parts of the bay, and then increased through new recruits from autumn (October–November) to the following spring (March–May) when the oxygen-poor water disappeared. Berried females were collected mainly from spring to autumn. Recruits were collected in any season. Particularly in winter, most recruits were located in the innermost part of the bay. According to the cohort separation based on size frequency distribution in carapace width of the crab specimens, the cohorts that were derived from spawning in spring to summer largely contributed to establishing and maintaining the benthic populations for the following year in the bay, whereas those from other seasons failed to recruit because of serious damage caused by the oxygen-poor water. Most crab individuals one year post hatch contributed to spawning and then died by the winter of the same year.