不同轻基质和施肥处理对白桦苗木养分承载的影响

通过不同轻基质及施肥处理对白桦苗木质量指数、苗木养分承载量,以及非结构性碳(NSC)质量进行研究与分析,目的是为培育优质白桦苗木提供理论依据。结果表明:①不同轻基质处理中随施肥量增加白桦苗木质量指数呈增加的趋势,但2.5、3.0kg·m^-3施肥处理间无显著差异;随施肥量增加,轻基质处理对白桦苗木质量指数的影响逐渐减弱。②红松腐殖质结合3.0kg·m^-3施肥处理,苗木N、P、K质量达到最大,分别为42.35、4.54、27.80mg·株^-1;红松腐殖质结合2.5kg·m^-3施肥处理,苗木可溶性糖、淀粉、NSC质量均达到最大,分别为89.32、85.11、174.43mg·株^-1;2.5kg·m^-3与3.0kg·m^-3施肥处理间无显著差异。③不同处理间苗木NSC、可溶性糖、淀粉质量与N、P、K质量具有极显著相关关系(P<0.01)。可溶性糖质量与N、P、K质量相关性系数较高,K质量与NSC、可溶性糖、淀粉质量相关性系数较高。综上所述,红松腐殖质轻基质材料培育白桦苗木更有利于苗木生长及养分承载量积累,且最适施肥量为2.5kg·m^-3。NSC中可溶性糖是促进养分吸收的主要能量来源,而苗木K质量积累更有利于NSC的合成。     

华山松树冠不同部位枝叶营养元素含量的研究

本文通过在标准地内选取21株供试木采样2次研究了不同冠位枝叶营养元素含量、主侧枝针叶营养含量、营养含量与树木器官年龄的关系。文中给出了合理取样部位和株数。     

温度与光周期对樟子松实生苗针叶抗寒性的影响

为了研究温度和光周期对樟子松(Pinus Sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv.)抗寒发育的影响及两因子对抗寒性的影响是否呈加性,本实验对秋季停长了的2年生樟子松实生苗进行了4个不同温度+光周期处理：长光周期高温(16h/8h,15℃)(LDHT),长光周期低温(16h/8h,3℃)(LDLT),短光周期高温(8h/16h,15℃)(SDHT),短光周期低温(8h/16h,3℃)(SDLT)。处理时间为三个月。每隔2或3周取一次样,共取样5次。每次取样分别用电导法(EL)、褐变法(VSD)和荧光法(CF)测定针叶的抗寒性。结果表明：在给定的光周期与温度条件下,针叶的抗寒性达到相应的抗寒性固定水平;经不同处理的2年生樟子松苗其针叶抗寒锻炼速率不同,但不支持加性理论;三种方法测定的针叶的抗寒性有差异,但有较高的相关性。     

立地因子对红松针叶内保护酶活性的影响

为了研究立地因子对红松抗性的影响,利用正交试验探索不同坡度、坡位、坡向对自然生长条件下红松针叶内2种保护酶———超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响。结果表明,SOD活性与POD活性在树冠不同方位针叶内差异显著,活性最大值均出现在树冠西侧。坡度、坡向对红松针叶内SOD及POD活性有显著影响,而坡位影响不显著。影响SOD活性的最主要立地因子为坡向,影响POD活性的最主要立地因子为坡度。     

Phenotypic Differences Between Natural and Selected Populations of Picea Abies. I. Frost Hardiness

The frost hardiness of non-juvenile Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] populations growing in northern Sweden (63°54' N) was monitored during 1996-1997. The investigated progenies originated from 12 natural populations and six seed orchards located between 58° N and 68° N in Sweden. Frost hardiness of needles was assessed by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence and electrolyte leakage after freezing. The loss of frost hardiness in 1-yr-old needles during spring occurred slightly earlier in populations originating north of 63°30' N than in those originating further south. Dehardening was slightly delayed in selected populations compared with natural populations of similar origin. The level of frost hardiness during autumn was higher in populations originating north of 63°30' N than in those originating south of this latitude, but there were no clear differences in frost hardiness between selected and natural populations of similar origin. The results are discussed in relation to climatic factors and inherent growth rhythms.     

Decomposition of beech leaves (Fagus sylvatica) and spruce needles (Picea abies) in pure and mixed stands of beech and spruce

The decomposition of spruce needles and beech leaves was investigated in a 30- and 120-yr-old beech, spruce and mixed (beech/spruce) forest using 1 mm mesh litterbags. The mass loss, content of C, N and water and microbial biomass, basal respiration and specific respiration of the litter materials were analyzed after exposure for 1.5, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months in the field. Decomposition of both types of litter was faster in beech than in spruce stands and after 24 months loss of C from litter materials was at a maximum in beech stands (>60%) and considerably less in the spruce and mixed stands (ca. 40%). Generally, spruce needles decomposed more rapidly than beech leaves, but the faster decay was not associated with higher N concentrations. Rather, N was accumulated more rapidly in beech leaves. Concomitantly, in beech stands microbial biomass of beech leaves exceeded that of spruce needles indicating that beech leaves consist of more favorable resources for microorganisms than spruce needles. Differences in decomposition between beech leaves and spruce needles were most pronounced in beech stands, intermediate in mixed stands and least pronounced in spruce stands. Decomposition, N content and microbial biomass in litter materials exposed in the 120-yr-old stand consistently exceeded that in the 30-yr-old stand indicating adverse conditions for litter decay in regrowing stands. Generally, mixed stands ranked intermediate between spruce and beech monocultures for most of the variables measured indicating that the adverse conditions for litter decay and microorganisms in spruce forest are effectively counteracted by admixture of beech to spruce monocultures. It is concluded that the accumulation of litter materials in spruce forests is not due to the recalcitrance of spruce needles to decay. Rather, adverse environmental conditions such as high polyphenol contents in the litter layer of spruce stands retard decomposition processes; spruce needles appear to be more sensitive to this retardation than beech leaves.     

美国白松生长特性的研究

以山东乡土针叶树种油松和黑松作对比,研究了从美国引种的１２年生美国白松的物候期及新梢、针叶的生长特性。以Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ方程拟合３种针叶树新梢和针叶的生长,并用数学分析的方法确定各树种新梢和针叶的速生期和速生点。测定了３个针叶树种的径、高年生长量。结果表明,美国白松在山东能够正常生长发育,生长期比油松和黑松短,但生长迅速,年生长量比较大,是一个值得引进并扩大栽培的速生针叶树种     

彰武松离体培养初步分析

以彰武松休眠芽和次年新梢为外植体,初步建立彰武松离体培养研究体系。结果表明:以当年发的新梢作为外植体,经1.5%H₂O₂预处理消毒10 min,75%乙醇30 s,0.1%Hg Cl₂消毒6 min消毒效果最好;接种在DCR+6-BA 2 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L培养基中,能够诱导外植体顶部长出幼嫩的2针1束针叶,且生长旺盛,颜色鲜绿,活力强,诱导率达48.7%。以彰武松针叶为外植体进行体胚诱导,将消毒后的针叶接种在DCR+2,4-D 5 mg/L+NAA 5 mg/L的培养基中培养,能够产生愈伤组织,愈伤组织诱导率为100%,获得的愈伤组织为非胚性愈伤组织。     

Amounts of carbon mineralised and leached as DOC during decomposition of Norway spruce needles and fine roots

Changes in climate or forest management practices leading to increased litter production will most likely cause increased leaching rates of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from the O horizon. The rhizosphere is often assumed to have a large carbon flux associated with root turnover and exudation. However, little has been done to quantify the amount of DOC originating from root litter. We studied decomposition of fine root and needle litter of Norway spruce (Picea abies) through a combined incubation and leaching experiment in the laboratory using five different litter types: fresh needle litter, aged needles from the litter layer, fresh and dead roots from mineral soil samples, and seven-year-old roots from a previous litterbag study. After respiration measurements, the samples were percolated with artificial throughfall water and DOC and UV absorbance were measured in the leachate. Mineralisation of dissolved organic matter in the leachate and sorption of DOC to ferrihydrite were determined as a measure of DOC ability to be stabilised by iron (hydr)oxide surfaces.The mineralisation rate and DOC production rate of root samples were always lower than that of needle samples. However, root and needle derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) were similar in terms of aromaticity, as indicated by their specific UV absorbance, and ability to be sorbed by ferrihydrite. For seven-year-old roots, a significantly higher fraction of carbon was lost as DOC (30%) than for younger roots (20%). Furthermore, DOM from old roots bound more strongly to ferrihydrite and is mineralised at a lower rate than DOC from younger roots, suggesting that roots at late stages of decomposition, although a small fraction of total litter, significantly contribute to carbon build-up in mineral soils. The slower decomposition rate of roots compared with needles must be taken into account when modelling litter decomposition.     

温度与光周期对樟子松实生苗针叶抗寒性的影响

为了研究温度和光周期对樟子松(Pinus SylvestrisL.var.mongolicaLitv.)抗寒发育的影响及两因子对抗寒性的影响是否呈加性,本实验对秋季停长了的2年生樟子松实生苗进行了4个不同温度 光周期处理:长光周期高温(16h/8h,15℃)(LDHT),长光周期低温(16h/8h,3℃)(LDLT),短光周期高温(8h/16h,15℃)(SDHT),短光周期低温(8h/16h,3℃)(SDLT)。处理时间为3个月。每隔2或3周取一次样,共取样5次。每次取样分别用电导法(EL)、褐变法(VSD)和荧光法(CF)测定针叶的抗寒性。结果表明:在给定的光周期与温度条件下,针叶的抗寒性达到相应的抗寒性固定水平;经不同处理的2年生樟子松苗其针叶抗寒锻炼速率不同,但不支持加性理论;三种方法测定的针叶的抗寒性有差异,但有较高的相关性。