Effects of natural pyrethrum and synthetic pyrethroids on the tiger mosquito,Aedes albopictus (skuse) and non-target flower-visiting insects in urban green areas of Padua,Italy

Abstract

The tiger mosquito is a key vector of several human diseases and is considered a public health concern worldwide. The implementation of strategies aimed at maximizing mosquito control without affecting non-target insect groups is of major importance. In a field trial, we tested the efficiency of a natural pyrethrum-based vs. a synthetic pyrethroid-based insecticide in reducing tiger mosquito population and how they affect the diversity of non-target flower-visiting insects in green urban areas. Only the pyrethroid insecticide was effective in reducing mosquito abundance, although its effects disappeared nine days after application. The two adulticides did not significantly affect the diversity of flower-visiting insects, probably because of their large body size and the difference in flying and foraging activity. To effectively control mosquito populations while preventing intoxication of non-target flower-visiting insects, adulticide applications should be applied early in the morning and only on bushes and trees. Results from our small-scale applications cannot be extrapolate when larger areas are treated.     

室内型胶合板天然耐久性的初步研究

作为一项反映材料优劣的重要的评价指标,天然耐久性直接决定了材料的使用寿命.笔者通过对胶合板胶合强度性能连续14年的跟踪测定,讨论和分析了胶合板的天然耐久性.最后总结出了胶合板在使用过程中随时间迁移其胶合强度性能随外界变化的规律,以期为胶合板的生产制备、生产工艺的改进及其应用领域的拓宽等方面起到一定的指导作用.     

绵羊慢病毒自然感染绵羊的硬化性淋巴细胞性乳腺炎

７头来自新疆南部某绵羊慢病毒（ＯｖＬＶ）感染的羊场的绵羊用于本研究。用琼脂凝胶免疫扩散检查绵羊血清中对绵羊进行性肺炎（ＯＰＰ）病毒（ＯＰＰＶ）的抗体，结果表明有６例呈阳性，１例阴性，抗体效价在３年中呈下降趋势。４例血清学阳性边菜羊和１例阴性和田羊有不同程度的硬化性（纤维性）淋巴细胞性乳腺炎，小叶内有不等的淋巴细胞浸润，导管周围无淋巴滤泡形成，小叶间大量纤维组织增生。７例的肺、脑、关节、血管均无ＯｖＬＶ性特异性病变。从血清学阳性羊的外周血白细胞中未分离到ＯｖＬＶ。     

高寒牧区牧鸡鸭治蝗效果试验

在青海湖北岸高寒牧区利用人工饲养的鸡鸭进行放牧防治草原蝗虫。结果表明,在60d的防治期内,牧鸡鸭平均灭治效果达91.4%,为人工利用天敌治虫技术在高寒牧区的应用提供了依据。     

Characterizing historical and modern fire regimes in Michigan (USA): A landscape ecosystem approach

We studied the relationships of landscape ecosystems to historical and contemporary fire regimes across 4.3 million hectares in northern lower Michigan (USA). Changes in fire regimes were documented by comparing historical fire rotations in different landscape ecosystems to those occurring between 1985 and 2000. Previously published data and a synthesis of the literature were used to identify six forest-replacement fire regime categories with fire rotations ranging from very short (<100 years) to very long (>1,000 years). We derived spatially-explicit estimates of the susceptibility of landscape ecosystems to fire disturbance using Landtype Association maps as initial units of investigation. Each Landtype Association polygon was assigned to a fire regime category based on associations of ecological factors known to influence fire regimes. Spatial statistics were used to interpolate fire points recorded by the General Land Office. Historical fire rotations were determined by calculating the area burned for each category of fire regime and dividing this area by fifteen (years) to estimate area burned per annum. Modern fire rotations were estimated using data on fire location and size obtained from federal and state agencies. Landtype Associations networked into fire regime categories exhibited differences in both historical and modern fire rotations. Historical rotations varied by 23-fold across all fire rotation categories, and modern forest fire rotations by 13-fold. Modern fire rotations were an order of magnitude longer than historical rotations. The magnitude of these changes has important implications for forest health and understanding of ecological processes in most of the fire rotation categories that we identified.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

大兴安岭东坡26年生长白落叶松最优种源选择

通过26年生长白落叶松种源试验的调查分析表明：长白落叶松在加格达奇试验区其性状及变异是稳定的,可以进行早期选择。各种源间的胸径、树高、材积生长都存在较显著差异。9个种源的生长性状可划分为5个种源区,即：Ⅰ、鸡西种源区;Ⅱ、小北湖种源区（包括小北湖、大海林）;Ⅲ、白刀山种源区（包括白刀山、穆棱）;Ⅳ、露水河种源区（包括露水河、白河）;Ⅴ、天桥岭种源区（包括天桥岭、和龙）。种源选择的效果较为明显。低海拔、低等效纬度的鸡西种源为加格达奇试验点的最佳种源,大海林、小北湖种源也是可选种源。     

燃烧室结构对天然气发动机燃烧过程的影响

为了研究燃烧室结构对天然气发动机燃烧过程的影响,模拟了浅盆形和涡流室式燃烧室结构的天然气发动机的进气、压缩及燃烧过程。给出了2种不同结构燃烧室的燃烧持续期、燃烧过程中缸内气流运动、火焰前锋面位置等,并对2种燃烧室进行了试验对比。模拟计算及试验结果表明,通过涡流室喷孔的约束作用,可以改善已燃气体和未燃气体之间的传热传质模式,提高火焰传播速度。     

兴安落叶松林下冻土中硒元素的分布规律研究

本文通过对我国典型寒温带兴安落叶松林区的原始林、皆伐林、原始湿地3种生态系统冻土中硒元素含量以及影响硒元素含量因素的研究,为了解大兴安岭林区兴安落叶松林(原始林、皆伐林)和原始湿地冻土中的养分状况,以及硒元素含量对兴安落叶松生长发育的影响提供资料。结论如下:①3种生态系统冻土中硒元素含量范围0.010mg/kg~0.208mg/kg,有机质含量范围14g/kg~240g/kg;②对冻土中硒元素含量的影响程度由大到小的因素为土壤层次、生态系统、坡向和坡位;③硒元素含量表层最高,向下含量逐渐减少;④3种生态系统硒元素含量由高到低的顺序为原始湿地、原始林、皆伐林,坡向和坡位对硒元素含量影响不显著。     

长北气田C1井组GPS施工测量技术研究

本文详细介绍了长北气田C1井组GPS施工控制网和井位测量的技术方案及施测情况,测量成果均满足测量规范要求,为钻井生产提供了可靠的井位数据,对其他油气施工工程有重要的借鉴作用。     

光照、营养钵及磷肥用量对西瓜幼苗素质的影响

对不同光照、营养钵、磷肥用量对西瓜幼苗素质的影响进行试验,结果表明,本试验条件下,在2/3光照、8cm营养钵育苗、磷酸二铵用量0.5 kg/m~3的条件下,才能培育壮苗,经济效益较高。