银合欢叶粉中含羞草素在牛瘤胃内代谢降解的研究

6头从未接触过银合欢叶粉饲料的杂交黄牛被用于研究含羞草素在瘤胃中的代谢降解，试验牛第1～26天日采食2kg银合欢叶粉，27－29天增加到4kg，30天以后日采食量达7kg。试验第1、8、15、22、28和31天为瘤胃液采样日期，采样日期投喂银合欢叶粉后第0、2、4、6、8、12和24小时为采样时间。瘤胃液样本经处理后测定含羞草素、总挥发性脂肪酸、氨态氮浓度以及各种挥发性脂肪酸的比例。试验结果表明：试验牛瘤胃微生物开始接触银合欢叶粉不久即具有降解含羞草素的能力，喂后1小时瘤胃中含羞草素达到峰值浓度，喂后2小时即下降60％以上，含羞草素并不影响瘤胃发酵程度和发酵类型。     

Role of income diversification in protecting natural forests: evidence from rural households in forest margins of Sri Lanka

Ranchers need alternative livestock feeds when herbaceous forages become limiting in summer. Our objectives were to determine: (1) leaf and stem biomass components, (2) nutritive value [in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC), N, and N digestibility] of leaves for animal browse, (3) concentration of the secondary metabolites robinin and mimosine, and (4) in vitro leaf and bark toxicity for black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and mimosa (Albizia julibrissin Durz.), respectively, pollarded at 50 cm in Arkansas, USA. Black locust exceeded mimosa for every yield component (leaf mass tree⁻¹, leaves shoot⁻¹, shoots tree⁻¹, shoot mass tree⁻¹, stem basal area, and biomass tree⁻¹) except mass leaf⁻¹. Projected yields were 1,900 and 1,600 kg leaves ha⁻¹ for black locust and mimosa, respectively, assuming a population of 12,300 trees ha⁻¹. Mimosa leaves had greater IVDMD, TNC, and N digestibility than black locust. Mimosa leaves exceeded the nutritional N requirements of growing cattle (Bos taurus L.) and goats (Capra hircus L.), but protein supplementation would be needed for growing goats grazing black locust leaves. Tissue concentrations of secondary metabolites robinin and mimosine were below detectable limits in black locust and mimosa, respectively. The extract of black locust bark, but not leaves, was toxic to bioassayed African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops L.) cells. Either black locust or mimosa could provide moderate quantities of high quality, rotationally grazed forage for goats during summer months when herbaceous forage may in short supply.