杀扑磷与马拉硫磷对长尾粉蚧毒力最佳配比的筛选

[目的]筛选混合药剂的最佳配比以有效控制长尾粉蚧的发生为害。[方法]采用浸虫法测定了杀扑磷与马拉硫磷混配后对防治长尾粉蚧若虫的增效作用及两种药剂混配的最佳配比。[结果]采用杀扑磷与马拉硫磷进行复配,当杀扑磷与马拉硫磷的比例为30∶70和20∶80时,两种配方的药液对长尾粉蚧2龄若虫的毒力相差不大,其共毒系数分别为347.72和356.67,均表现出明显的增效作用。从这2组配方的CTC值看,杀扑磷与马拉硫磷的比例为20∶80时配方的增效作用比30∶70配方的增效作用更为明显。[结论]该研究为杀扑磷与马拉硫磷混配防治长尾粉蚧的最佳配比提供参考。     

速扑杀防治云南木蠹象试验初报

云南木蠹象是鞘翅目象甲科的一种蛀干害虫,危害健康云南松。2002年在贵州威宁暴发危害,当时除了人工清理枯死枝条、枯死植株外,无有效防治措施。在羽化期喷施1000倍40%速扑杀乳油两次后,云南木蠹象的危害指数平均下降11.08,防治效果可达50.6﹪。通过试验,我们认为速扑杀可用在虫源地控制虫口密度,连续2￣3年使用可以抑制虫害蔓延扩散。     

板栗栗红蚧防治试验初报

选用 40 %速扑杀乳油、2 5 %敌杀死乳油、40 %氧化乐果乳油、5 0 %甲胺磷乳油、5 0 %敌敌畏乳油、2 0 %三唑磷乳油和 90 %晶体敌百虫等 7种农药对板栗栗红蚧若虫进行防治试验结果表明 ,杀虫效果以 40 %速扑杀 10 0 0倍液的防治效果最好 ,达 91%以上 ;用 2 5 %敌杀死 2 5 0 0倍液 ,40 %氧化乐果、5 0 %甲胺磷 10 0 0倍液 ,5 0 %敌敌畏 80 0倍液 ,效果次之 ,死亡率 70 %～ 84%;而用 2 0 %三唑磷乳油、90 %晶体敌百虫杀虫效果不佳 ,死亡率仅为 42 %。     

Nephrotoxicity in rats induced by organophosphate insecticide methidathion and ameliorating effects of vitamins E and C

The effects of organophosphate insecticide methidathion (MD) on kidney tissue and the ameliorating effects of a combination of vitamins E and C against subchronic MD toxicity were evaluated in rats. Experimental groups were: control group (group I), 5 mg/kg body weight MD-treated group (group II), and 5 mg/kg body weight MD plus vitamin E plus vitamin C treated group (group III). The groups II and III were treated orally with MD on five days a week for four weeks. Vitamins E and C were injected at doses of 50 mg/kg body weight, i.m. and 20 mg/kg body weight, i.p., respectively, 30 min after the treatment of MD in the group III. Rats were anaesthesized and venous blood samples were collected by direct right ventricle heart puncture, in addition, the right kidney was removed for histopathological examinations and malondialdehyde (MDA) analyses after four weeks. The serum activity of cholinesterase (ChE) and the kidney level of malondialdehyde, and kidney histopathology were studied in rats. MD caused decreased ChE activity (group I: 2114 ± 63 U/L, group II: 1455 ± 100 U/L) and increased MDA level (group I: 147 ± 20.2 nmol/mg protein, group II: 236 ± 25.6 nmol/mg protein), and kidney damage in rats. Furthermore, a combination of vitamins E and C restored partially (ChE activity: 1670 ± 111 U/L, MDA level: 159 19.4 nmol/mg protein) this changes in MD-treated rats.     

Effect of the insecticide methidathion on agricultural soil microflora

Summary We studied the effects of the organophosphorus insecticide methidathion, at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 200 and 300 g g^-1 in an agricultural soil, on fungi, total bacterial populations, aerobic N₂-fixing bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, nitrifying bacteria (phases I and II), and nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction assay). The presence of 10–300 g g^-1 of methidathion significantly increased fungal populations (colony-forming units). Denitrifying bacteria, aerobic N₂-fixing bacteria and N₂ fixation were significantly increased at concentrations of 50–300 g g^-1. The total number of bacteria increased significantly at concentrations of 100–300 g g^-1. Nitrifying bacteria decreased initially at concentrations of 300 g g^-1, but recovered rapidly to levels similar to those in the control soil without the insecticide.