一种新的药用真菌--瓦尼木层孔菌(杨黄)

瓦尼木层孔菌(杨黄)是一种新的药用真菌发现在吉林省长白山地区，它属于担子菌门的锈革孔菌科。由于它生长在杨树上，且子实层表面为黄色，故当地人称之为杨黄。本文对该菌进行了详细介绍。     

缓解高蛋白日粮引发禽痛风的典型药物比较试验

将200只22日龄罗曼肉鸡随机均分5组,以筛选能缓解高蛋白日粮引发痛风症的最佳药物。经5周试验,与未添加药物的对照组相比:①VA组能降低25%(P<0.01)的痛风,提高12.83%(P<0.01)的增重速度和8.43%的饲料报酬,对肠胃无不良影响;②别嘌呤醇(Allopuri-nol)组能降低22.5%(P<0.01)的痛风,提高11.95%(P<0.01)的增重速度和7.66%的饲料报酬,但产生了5%(P>0.05)的其他腹泻病;③苯溴马隆(Benzbromarone)组能降低20%(P<0.05)的痛风,提高11.5%(P<0.01)的增重速度和6.51%的饲料报酬,但也产生了5%(P>0.05)的其他腹泻病;④爱西特(Medicinalcharcoalcapsules)组能降低30%(P<0.01)的痛风,对肠胃无不良影响,但降低了3.54%(P>0.05)的增重速度和3.83%的饲料报酬。     

不同产地西洋参氨基酸种类及含量分析

为研究不同种植区西洋参氨基酸的含量和品质,按食品安全国家标准GB/T5009.124-2016,对加拿大多伦多市、陕西省留坝县、吉林省抚松县、山东省文登市来源的4 a生西洋参进行氨基酸种类和含量测定及对比分析。各产地西洋参均检测出17种氨基酸,其中含有人体必需的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、亮氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸和半必需氨基酸精氨酸;含有蛋氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、甘氨酸、谷氨酸和精氨酸等8种药用氨基酸。人体必需氨基酸及药用氨基酸含量对比分析结果表明,加拿大多伦多市来源西洋参的这两类氨基酸含量最高,分别为46.20 mg/g和61.93 mg/g,占总氨基酸含量的54.0%和72.3%,其次是陕西省留坝县来源的西洋参,分别为45.70 mg/g和61.63 mg/g,占总氨基酸含量的51.9%和70.0%。主成分分析及综合评价结果表明,从氨基酸含量及营养均衡性角度来看,陕西省留坝县西洋参是最接近原产地加拿大的西洋参。     

枸骨的药用功效与保健作用

该文系统地综述了枸骨的化学成分和药用价值,并讨论了枸骨资源今后的开发与利用前景。     

厦门市忠仑公园药用植物园规划设计初步探析

随着景观改造的多样性,药用植物园也成为城市园林营造景观的一种方式。厦门市忠仑公园集科普、教育、观赏功能为一体,药用植物园区景观改造以人为本,以科普教育为宗旨,在保证药用植物景观的基本功能的前提下,塑造优美的景观,既能弘扬中华民族药用文化知识,又能为周边居民提供一个互动学习科普知识、修养身心的场所。     

In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Selected Plants on the Growth of the Mycelial Form of Histoplasma capsulatum Variety farciminosum in Ethiopia

Epizootic lymphangitis is prevalent in equines in Ethiopia, causing remarkable economic and welfare impacts but often neglected. Lack of effective treatment contributed to its continued occurrence, and hence, search for an effective treatment should be considered a priority area to minimize its impacts. Previous ethnobotanical studies have reported that Curcuma longa, Phytolacca dodecandra, and Datura stramonium were used to treat cutaneous fungal infections and reduce their incidence. The treatment effects of these plants against epizootic lymphangitis should be studied. The in vitro growth inhibitory effects of methanol extracts of the root of C. longa, berry of P. dodecandra, and leaf of D. stramonium were evaluated. Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum was isolated from clinical cases of epizootic lymphangitis in carthorses in central Ethiopia. The nested polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm the identity of the isolates. Serial twofold dilutions of the extract of berries of P. dodecandra and leaves of D. stramonium were done in sterile water, whereas dilution of the extract of roots of C. longa was done in dimethylsulphoxide. The effects of the plants on the growth of Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum were assessed by agar dilution assay. Culture media with no antifungal agent and media containing ketoconazole served as negative and positive control, respectively. The methanol extract of C. longa showed inhibitory effects at concentrations ranging from 0.07 to 5 mg/mL. Similarly, the methanol extract of P. dodecandra showed growth inhibitory effects at concentrations ranging from 0.156 to 5 mg/mL. That is, the growth inhibitory concentration of C. longa was 0.07 mg/mL, whereas that of P. dodecandra was 0.156 mg/mL. In contrast, D. stramonium showed no inhibitory effect. This preliminary observation showed that methanol extracts of C. longa and P. dodecandra showed inhibitory effects on the growth of Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum requiring further repeated in vitro evaluation so as to generate adequate evidence, which would justify in vivo trials.     

松针粉的研究及应用进展

松针粉富含多种营养成分,并且具有一定的药用价值。文章对我国松针的资源概况、松针粉的营养价值、药效及在生产上的应用情况进行概述,并对松针粉未来的研究方向进行展望。     

镇巴县药用大黄林药间作技术研究

为研究药用大黄林药间作的关键技术,于陕西省镇巴县盐场镇响洞村退耕香椿林地下移栽一年生药用大黄种苗,并测定其生长发育情况。结果表明,药用大黄生物量的积累随种植年度的增加而增加,第1年增长较为缓慢,第2年、第3年增速较快;不同郁闭度对药用大黄生物量的积累有显著性影响,当郁闭度为40%时,生物量积累最为显著,药用大黄平均单根鲜重高达5.3 kg。镇巴县药用大黄与香椿树林药间作,可以有效地缓解土地资源匮乏,保护野生资源不被破坏,同时也是生态种植的一种应用,为镇巴县林药间作模式提供有效的技术支撑。     

Enhanced micropropagation of Dendrobium huoshanense C.Z. Tang et S.J. Cheng through protocorm-like bodies: The effects of cytokinins,carbohydrate sources and cold pretreatment

The effects of cytokinins, carbohydrate sources and cold pretreatment on the conversion of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) to shoots were investigated for the enhancement of micropropagation of Dendrobium huoshanense C.Z. Tang et S.J. Cheng, an endangered medicinal plant in China. The effects of cytokinins and carbohydrate sources on the conversion of PLBs to shoots depended on their types and concentrations. The best results in terms of shoot development from PLBs occurred on 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 20 μM kinetin and 10 g l⁻¹ maltose. Cold pretreatment at 10 °C for 1–2 weeks significantly enhanced the conversion of PLBs to shoots, and over 1300 shoots were obtained from one gram of PLBs after 3 months of culture. The developed shoots were rooted on growth regulator-free MS medium supplemented with 8 g/l banana paste to give complete plantlets, which were successfully acclimatized with a survival rate of approximately 65%. The results indicate that a suitable cold pretreatment (10 °C for 1 week) followed by the use of 20 μM kinetin and 10 g/l maltose in 1/2 MS medium would produce a large number of shoots from PLBs for plantlet regeneration of D. huoshanense.     

5个枇杷晚熟品种果实氨基酸组成和含量分析

为了探讨白肉枇杷和红肉枇杷果实的风味和营养品质的差异,利用氨基酸自动分析仪测定了5个晚熟枇杷品种果实的氨基酸含量。结果表明,新白1号枇杷果实中天门冬氨酸和谷氨酸等鲜味类氨基酸含量占总氨基酸的53.9%,明显高于红肉枇杷中的含量;而红肉枇杷的甜味类氨基酸和芳香类氨基酸含量略高于白肉枇杷。白肉枇杷中药用氨基酸含量高于红肉枇杷,而红肉枇杷符合氨基酸模式谱的指标多于白肉枇杷。