The use of urban organic wastes in the control of erosion in a semiarid Mediterranean soil

Abstract. A two year field experiment was carried out in a semiarid Mediterranean area in order to evaluate, the effect on soil erosion of adding different urban organic wastes: a stabilized municipal waste (compost), an unstabilized municipal waste, and an aerobic sewage sludge. All the treatments significantly reduced soil erosion, compared to the control soil. The soil amended with compost was the most effective treatment, reducing soil loss by 94% and runoff by 54%.     

Unsaturated vitamin b(12) binding capacity in human and ruminant blood serum - a comparison of techniques including a new technique by high performance liquid chromatography

A new technique by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC-gel permeation) shows promise as a tool to separate and quantitate the Unsaturated Vitamin B(12) Binding Capacity (UBSC) of the individual Vitamin B(12) binders in blood serum. This method, although not as rapid as protein-coated charcoal or cellulose separation techniques, is more applicable for use with large numbers of samples than gel filtration. The use of a radioactivity detector to monitor the eluant from the column permitted automation of the method. Comparable results for UBBC and for the UBBC of individual binders were obtained when samples were analyzed by gel filtration and HPLC. The HPLC method proved suitably precise and the recovery of added cyanocobalamin was acceptable. It is proposed that HPLC be the method of choice for measurement of the USBC of binders of Vitamin B(12) in blood serum.     

旱地保护性耕作地表径流和土壤水分平衡模型

在田间试验和对现有径流模型及土壤水分平衡模型改进的基础上，建立了适用于保护性耕作的地表径流和土壤水分平衡模型。该模型以日为步长，根据气象数据、土壤水分状况、作物生长发育及耕作管理措施，模拟不同耕作管理体系下地表径流和田间水分平衡的变化。针对保护性耕作的特点，主要对径流曲线数字(USDA—Curve Number)法进行了改进，在PERFECT模型的基础上增加了坡度和降雨强度两因素的影响，从而使模型较全面地考虑了残茬覆盖、耕作、坡度及降雨强度等多种因素对径流的影响；采用简单实用的Priestley—Taylor公式计算潜在蒸散量，并考虑作物覆盖与残茬覆盖对土壤蒸发与作物蒸腾的影响。通过田间径流试验和根层有效贮水量测定数据的验证，证明了地表径流和土壤水分的模拟值与实测值比较接近。     

全球气候暖干化对秦岭南北河流径流泥沙的影响研究

以秦岭南侧汉江和北侧渭河多年的径流泥沙观测资料，分析了全球气候暖干化对秦岭南北径流泥沙的变化。分析指出在80年代后，由于全球气候变化的影响，秦岭南北河流年均径流量均减少，与1935－1980年相比，汉江河流年均径流量减少1.9%，渭河河流年均径流量减少27.4%；同时汉江河流泥沙含量明显减少，但渭河河流泥沙含量呈增加趋势，是汉江河流泥沙含量133倍，表明了秦岭南北两侧在全球气候暖干化表现出明显的区域响应性。     

喀喇昆仑山盖孜河水文水资源特性分析

喀喇昆仑山河流自有水文资料记载以来 ,近 10年洪灾发生频率明显高于以往 ,人民的生命财产损失程度也大幅度增加。在分析了盖孜河流域的径流及气候多年变化过程后 ,认为洪灾频发的原因是近年来流域内降水及气温呈上升趋势 ,导致高山冰川退缩 ,河流径流增加 ,洪灾增大、频率增高 ;小区域多年气候变化过程从侧面印证了我国西北地区气候由暖干向暖湿变化。     

速生林木材液化及其产物应用研究

[目的]为速生桉树木材液化及其产物的应用提供参考。[方法]以硫酸为催化剂,苯酚为液化剂,对速生人工林桉树木材进行液化,并取液化产物与甲醛进行树脂化反应制备液化木基酚醛树脂LWPF,研究液比对液化反应效率、液化产物重均分子量及LWPF树脂胶合性能的影响。[结果]随着液比的提高,液化产物的残渣率及重均分子量均降低,而LWPF树脂制得的胶合板的木破率提高;当液比提高到一定程度后,液化产物的残渣率和重均分子量及LWPF树脂所制胶合板的木破率变化不明显。[结论]对速生桉树木材的液化工艺及其液化产物的树脂化合成工艺进行了优化。     

Effects of germination and kilning on the phenolic compounds and nutritional properties of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus)

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus) are nutritious pseudocereals that originate from the Andean region. The aim of this research was to study the effect of germination and the subsequent kilning on the phenolic compounds and proximate composition in selected Peruvian varieties of quinoa (“Chullpi”) and kiwicha (“Oscar Blanco”). The germination process was carried out for 24, 48 and 72 h at 22 °C, and the kilning was performed with samples germinated for 72 h by drying the seeds at 90 °C for 5 min. Both processes increased the protein content of the samples. However, lipid content was reduced during germination. On the other hand, germination and kilning clearly increased the concentration of total phenolic compounds in both quinoa and kiwicha. Germination for 72 h either with or without kilning process resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the total content of phenolics compared to untreated materials, which was especially due to coumaric acid and a kaempferol tri-glycoside in quinoa and caffeoylquinic acid in kiwicha. Based on the results, germination and kilning may improve the nutritional quality of the Andean grains, encouraging the usage of the processed grains as ingredients in functional products for people with special gluten-free or vegetarian diets.     

不同基础培养基对漏斗形马勃菌丝体生长的影响

[目的]研究漏斗形马勃在7种不同基础培养基上的生长情况。[方法]采用7种基础培养基进行试验,通过液体和固体培养,以菌丝体生物量及菌落直径为指标,确定漏斗形马勃的最佳基础培养基。[结果]最适合漏斗形马勃生长的基础培养基配方为玉米渣4%、蛋白胨0.3%、蔗糖2%、KH2PO41%、Mg SO40.05%。在28℃和摇床转速150 r/min条件下,液体培养5 d后的菌丝体干重为16.56 g/L。在28℃固体培养7 d,菌丝体鲜重和干重分别为16.47和2.27 g/L,菌落直径为4.49 cm。[结论]该研究为漏斗形马勃培养条件的进一步优化奠定了基础。     

气候变化对秃尾河流域径流量的影响

为探讨秃尾河流域径流量对气候变化的关系,利用秃尾河流域1970～2005年36 a来的气温、降水和天然径流量数据,对该流域气温、降水和径流量年际和季节性的变化特征及趋势进行了分析,研究了气候因子与径流量的相关性.研究结果表明:秃尾河流域年平均气温呈现明显升高趋势,以冬季升温为主；年降水表现为缓慢减少趋势,降水减少主要表...     

参金止痢口服液对腹泻哺乳仔猪肠道微生物菌群影响的差异性分析

研究参金止痢口服液对腹泻哺乳仔猪肠道微生物菌群的影响。选取同等饲养条件下7~15日龄体重相近的“杜×长×大”三元杂交仔猪共计9头,其中有腹泻症状的6头将其随机平均分为腹泻空白组(FXK)和腹泻中药组(FZ),正常的3头为健康空白组(JK),中药组灌服参金止痢口服液,空白组灌服同等体积生理盐水,连续灌胃5d,在给药后的第8天对仔猪采血进行抗体及细胞因子水平测定,并采集结肠内容物提取样本中菌群总DNA进行16S rRNA高通量测序。结果显示：与FXK组相比,FZ组血清中IgG含量显著升高(P＜0.05),IgM含量显著降低(P＜0.05),炎性因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量显著下调(P＜0.01)。α、β多样性分析结果表明,三个组结肠肠道菌群结构差异显著。在门分类水平上,FZ组仔猪肠道拟杆菌门相对丰度显著高于FXK组(P＜0.05),变形菌门相对丰度显著低于FXK组(P＜0.05),而FZ与JK组之间两个菌门差异不显著。属水平上,FZ组韦荣球菌属和乳杆菌属相对丰度显著低于FXK组(P＜0.05),普雷沃氏菌属相对丰度显著高于FXK组(P＜0.05),FZ组与JK组之间这三个菌属差异不显著。综上结果表明,参金止痢口服液可能通过调节免疫及炎性相关因子水平和调节肠道菌群结构从而发挥治疗哺乳仔猪腹泻的作用。