华中神农架箭竹(Fargesia spathacea)群落之海拔多样性(英文)

通过对华中神农架海拔1500米至2600米之间11个箭竹样方的研究,阐述了箭竹群落物种丰富度,物种多样性,物种均匀性,生活型谱及群落类型的海拔变化。从最低样方(1680米)到最高样地(2570米),微管束植物从30种降为7种,服从线性模型:Y=55.991.83X(R2=0.84,P<0.001);物种多样性从3.18降为1.78,服从线性模型:Y=4.670.10X (R2=0.72,P=0.001;物种均匀度在0.83至0.99之间变化,但与海拔并不相关。在生活型谱中,一年生植物,地下芽植物和大高位芽树木的百分比随海拔升高而升高;灌木和中高位芽树木随海拔升高而降低;多年生草本和半灌木与海拔关系不大。箭竹群落可分为5种类型:常绿阔叶林下,落叶阔叶林下,温性针叶林下,寒温性针叶林与混交林下,纯箭竹林。图4表2参19。     

A survey method for evaluating drought-sensitive bryophytes in fragmented forests: A bryophyte life-form based approach

Drought-sensitive bryophytes are especially vulnerable to edge effects caused by forest fragmentation. Because of increased forest fragmentation, these bryophyte species are declining and are in need of conservation. Considering that a field survey including all bryophyte species is very time consuming, methods that make identification less difficult should be tested for their usefulness in conservation. This paper describes an alternative survey method that utilizes the correlation between bryophyte life-forms and microclimates for evaluating drought-sensitive bryophytes. This survey method was examined using epiphytic bryophyte flora on tree trunks in 27 fragmented forests of Kyoto city, in the western part of Japan. The usefulness of life-forms for this evaluation was discussed based on the correlation of life-forms with species richness and microclimates. The results indicated that, while life-from richness was considered to reflect the heterogeneity of moisture availability and light intensity in bryophyte habitats, a certain life-form category (for example, fans and dendroids) seemed to correlate with drought sensitivity of bryophytes. Considering this correlation, an alternative survey method was proposed that utilizes the richness of hygrophilous life-forms. This survey method seems to be more cost-effective than a traditional all-species survey, and provides an important step toward the conservation of drought-sensitive species.     

Sensitivity to cadmium of the standard test species Folsomia candida compared to two other species, Onychiurus yodai and Sinella umesaoi (Collembola)

Knowing whether test species used for single-species toxicity tests are representative of other species provides valuable information because contaminant effects are often extrapolated to the community level based on these tests. To evaluate how representative the sensitivity of the standard test collembolan species Folsomia candida is for Collembola, we devised toxicity tests using the collembolan species Onychiurus yodai and Sinella umesaoi, which exhibit life-forms different from F. candida. Sensitivity to cadmium (Cd) was compared between F. candida and the novel test species. The 50% effective concentrations for reproduction were 154.7, 72.2 and 40.9 mg Cd/kg dry soil for O. yodai, F. candida and S. umesaoi, respectively. Thus, the reproductive sensitivity of F. candida to Cd was between that of the other two species. Increasing reproductive sensitivity to Cd corresponded to increasing activity levels and a more surface-dwelling life-form. Our data may facilitate the generalisation of effect data for F. candida to other species.     

千岛湖姥山岛次生林群落学特征研究

对千岛湖姥山岛次生林的群落学特征进行研究,结果表明：千岛湖姥山岛天然次生林有蕨类植物3科3属3种,裸子植物3科4属4种,被子植物34科62属84种。其中,双子叶植物30科56属77种,单子叶植物4科6属7种。种子植物科的分布区类型可划分为8种类型,以热带、亚热带分布最多,其次是温带分布,再次是世界广布;属的分布区类型可划分为13类,以热带性成分为主,也兼有相当比例的温带性成分。根据Raunkiaer的生活型统计,该群落的生活型高位芽植物最多;群落中叶的性质以小型、单叶、草质、非全缘为主。群落垂直结构可以分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层。     

二滩水库区陆生植物动态特性研究

笔者通过固定样地调查，收集了建库初期和建库后8年的相关资料，对二滩水库区陆生植物动态特性进行对比分析，发现该区内的环境条件由先前的干热干旱逐渐向温暖、湿润的方向演变，充分说明水库区的恶劣环境在建库后趋于逐渐缓和，可能与水库区局部水、气环流的改善密切相关。     

华中神农架箭竹(Fargesia spathacea)群落之海拔多样性

通过对华中神农架海拔1500米至2600米之间11个箭竹样方的研究，阐述了箭竹群落物种丰富度，物种多样性，物种均匀性，生活型谱及群落类型的海拔变化。从最低样方(1680米)到最高样地(2570米)，微管束植物从30种降为7种，服从线性模型：Y=55.99-1.83X(R2=0.84，P<0.001)；物种多样性从3.18降为1.78，服从线性模型：Y=4.67-0.10X (R2=0.72，P=0.001；物种均匀度在0.83至0.99之间变化，但与海拔并不相关。在生活型谱中，一年生植物，地下芽植物和大高位芽树木的百分比随海拔升高而升高；灌木和中高位芽树木随海拔升高而降低；多年生草本和半灌木与海拔关系不大。箭竹群落可分为5种类型：常绿阔叶林下，落叶阔叶林下，温性针叶林下，寒温性针叶林与混交林下，纯箭竹林。     

土壤盐碱化对羊草草地植物多样性的影响

从群落物种丰富度，均匀度和多样性三个测度水平，采用八个指数和Ｚａｈｌ的大折刀法统计处理，探讨了松嫩平原羊草草地次生盐碱化梯度植物多样性的变化，结果表明，随着土壤盐碱化的加重，群落植物多样性单调衰减，并与土壤ｐＨ值和电导率呈显著指数负相关，与土壤水分呈指数正相关；其植物多样性的演替序列是：羊草－杂类草群落〉羊草群落〉羊草－星星草群落〉星星草群落〉朝鲜碱茅群落〉角碱蓬群落，结果与次生盐碱化演替序列一致     

贵阳市山地公园苔藓植物群落结构及其与环境关系研究

苔藓植物是构成山地公园地被景观的重要组成部分，在地表修复和物种多样性等方面发挥着重要的生态作用。以贵阳市山地公园苔藓植物为对象，研究了物种分布组成和与环境的关系。结果表明：贵阳市山地公园苔藓物种丰富度较低，苔藓植物共 有 16 科 24 属 44 种，其中藓纲植物 14 科 22 属 41 种，苔纲植物2 科 2 属 3 种，优势种为齿边同叶藓 Isopterygium serrulatum 、疏网美喙藓 Eurhynchium laxirete 、悬垂青藓 Brachythecium pendulum等 9 种。不同基质上苔藓植物的分布存在显著差异，其中土生苔藓群落最丰富，其次为石生苔藓群落，树生苔藓群落丰度最低；此外，基质及湿度是苔藓植物分布的关键影响因子。