Acclimation abilities of three tropical rainforest seedlings to an increase in light intensity

Current practices in many nurseries involve the germination of tropical rainforest seedlings in shaded conditions and transferral, at a later date, to environments with greater light intensities. Determination of the ability of these seedlings to acclimate to increased light intensities will allow seedling stock to be processed with maximum efficiency within the nursery. The acclimation abilities of three species, Agyrodendron actinophyllum, Cardwellia sublimis, and Flindersia brayleyana, commonly found in north Queensland's rainforests were investigated in this study. These particular species are highly valued for their cabinet timber qualities and are being reared in nurseries for use in reforestation trials and programs in north Queensland. Seedlings were initially raised in greenhouse conditions under two layers of shade cloth (16% of full sunlight) and then transferred into full sunlight at three different ages (3 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks). Upon transfer, organ ratios and the direction of dry matter distribution was determined for each species and age group. Approximately 3 months after the seedlings were transferred, the acclimation ability of each species and age group was then determined. Dry matter distribution was found to change with age, irrespective of light environment. Individuals within a species with larger root systems and thicker or more dense leaves had a greater acclimation ability than those with smaller root systems and thinner or less dense leaves. Furthermore, individuals within a species whose dry matter distribution upon transfer was directed towards developing a large root system, and a small photosynthetic area and mass, had a greater acclimation ability than those whose dry matter distribution was directed away from such morphologies. Awareness of these relationships allows a better understanding of seedling response to gap formation in natural forests, and also allows plant nursery operators to make a more informed decision about when to move seedlings to environments with a higher light intensity.     

植物在水分胁迫下脯氨酸积累的研究─—Ⅳ关于植物体内脯氨酸积累的直接触发因子

依据干旱胁迫下数种植物幼苗体内游离脯氨酸、叶气孔、叶水量的变化，剖析了植物与环境因子、气孔因子、氧气因子、酶因子及能量因子之间的相互依存关系，提出了ＰＲＯ积累系统（ＰＡＳ）。认为水分胁迫下植物体内ＰＲＯ的大量积累是氧化受抑和合成受激共同调控的结果。氧气最有可能为直接触发因子。     

铺散诸葛菜的组织培养及植株再生

 以铺散诸葛菜的叶柄及叶片为外植体, 研究了不同的再生方式。在6-BA 和NAA 配合使用的MS 培养基上, 叶柄和叶片外植体有高的成芽率, 具有强的器官再生能力。在2,4-D 与6-BA、NAA 结合的培养基上, 叶柄和叶片有较高的愈伤组织诱导率, 在含6-BA 的培养基上也易于分化。叶柄、叶片再生的芽和经愈伤组织分化而得来的芽快速繁殖后, 在生根培养基上形成完整植株。研究表明铺散诸葛菜具有极强的器官分化能力。     

胞质雄性不育性在叶用芥菜上的利用

以从美国威斯康星大学引进的叶用芥菜胞质雄性不育系叶用4-4为母本,以泰国清迈大学选育出的8个优良叶用芥菜品种为转育父本,杂交后连续回交4代(BC4),再将BC4与优良叶用芥菜品种40R2-3-4配制8个杂交组合,其中2个组合(4-4 × 19-H-12)×40R2-3-4和(4-4 × 2R2)×40R2-3-4结球率为100％,产量比商用品种分别高34％和13％,比其亲本分别高25％和5％。     

水黄皮叶斑病的成因、严重性及杀菌剂防止

对孟加拉国4个苗圃(IFES、IFESCU、BFRI和ANC)内水黄皮叶斑病症状和严重性进行了调查,结果表明:IFESCU苗圃内叶斑病侵染率及致病指标最高、BFRI次之、ANC最低.与叶斑病相关联的组织从发病植株分离出来,被分离的真菌形成致病性.结果证实胶孢炭疽菌即为致病菌.观察了杧果炭疽病菌丝体生长抑制性并对杀菌剂(Bavistin, Cupravite and Dithane M-45) 有效性和浓度(0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50 和 2.00%)进行了鉴定.0.05% Bavistin和Cupravite潜伏8天后,菌丝体生长分别处于最低和最高水平.结果表明:Bavistin杀菌效果最好、Diathane M-45次之,Cupravite对菌丝体生长的抑制作用最低.图1表4参27.     

31个杂交杨无性系对青杨叶锈病的抗性评价

在大田条件下对从北美新引种的31个杂交杨无性系对青杨叶锈病的抗性进行调查和评价的结果表明:所引进无性系对杨树叶锈病的抗性表现出很大的差异,从高度抗病到高度感病均有,但没有免疫的无性系。HE-2,XMH-10,XMH-9,HE-1,XMH-1,XMH-11,XMH-12,XMH-2,MH-8,XMH-7这10个无性系表现出高度抗病性,MH-9,DMH-3,MH-10,MH-4,MH-1,MH-6,MH-7,MH-2这8个无性系表现为高度感病。DN、NE杂交的大多数无性系有较高的抗病性,而TD、TN杂交的绝大多数无性系为感病或高度感病。同一杂交组合的不同无性系间,其抗性存在很大差异,有高抗,也有高感。     

基于神经网络的树叶识别系统研究

在林业系统注册树木种类时,通常采用大量树叶上的可见外形特点来辨别数目繁多的树木种类。针对此问题,本文提出了基于神经网络的树叶识别方法,该方法建立并管理一个分等级的树叶图像体系,通过对不同种类树叶的边缘提取来识别每种树叶的特征点,从而得到树叶的外部轮廓来区分树木种类:给出了相应的改进型神经网络算法,并给出详细的论述过程:最后,通过Java语言给出了系统实现并做了大量的数值仿真。结果证明本文方法是可行有效的。图4表1参8。     

152个黄淮地区小麦主要品种(系)的多抗性鉴定

为给小麦抗病抗虫育种提供依据,于2004～2006年在山东济南对152份来自黄淮地区的小麦主栽品种(系)进行了抗小麦条锈病、叶锈病、白粉病及蚜虫鉴定.结果表明,在供试品种(系)中表现高抗条锈病的品种(系)占46.71%,中抗品种占25.66%;高抗叶锈病的品种占23.68%,中抗品种占24.34%;高抗白粉病的品种占28.29%,中抗品种占55.92%;高抗蚜虫的品种(系)占5.26%,中抗品种占13.16%.综合来看,对小麦条锈病、叶锈病和白粉病表现中抗以上的品种(系)47个,占30.92%;兼抗(中抗以上)小麦条锈病、叶锈病、白粉病和麦蚜的有5个品种(系),占3.29%.     

高光谱遥感森林叶面积指数估测研究现状

文中简要概述了叶面积指数和高光谱遥感的概念, 分析比较了高光谱遥感与传统的宽波段遥感估测森林叶面积指数的优势, 以及利用高光谱遥感数据估测森林叶面积指数的常用方法, 并对目前高光谱遥感估测森林叶面积指数存在的问题行了讨论。     

不同梨品种叶片光合特性及其影响因素研究

以莱阳茌梨、栖霞小香水梨和黄县长把梨为试材,应用CIRAS-II便携式光合测定仪,研究了光合有效辐射、叶龄、叶位和方位对不同梨品种叶片光合特性的影响。结果表明:晴天条件下,所有供试梨品种的净光合速率(Pn)日变化呈不对称双峰曲线;阴天条件下表现为单峰曲线。正面受光叶片的Pn显著高于背面受光叶片。此外,光合速率还受到叶位和叶龄的影响,相同方位外围新梢叶片的净光合速率以基部第7-9叶片最高,且拟合曲线呈抛物线状。Pn随叶龄的增加呈“低—高—低”的趋势,30 d叶龄的莱阳茌梨和栖霞小香水梨叶片具有最大的Pn,而黄县长把梨是40d叶龄。