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The formation of insoluble metaborates in wood was investigated by impregnating the wood with borax and metallic salts, after which their properties (e.g., leachability in running water and biological resistance) were evaluated. The solubility of three metaborates in acidic solutions was also evaluated. Double-diffusion treatment was carried out to form the precipitates of metaborates in sapwood specimens of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) at room temperature. Water-saturated wood specimens were first impregnated by a saturated borax solution and then diffuse-penetrated with Zn2+, Ca2+, or Pb2+ solution. The precipitates of the three metaborates in the wood proved to be insoluble or hardly soluble in water by the leaching test. With the decay test using a brown-rot fungus (Fomitopsis palustris) and a white-rot fungus (Trametes versicolor) and with the termite test using a virulent subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus), the metaborate-treated woods showed generally good decay and termite resistance with negligible mass loss of the specimens. Particularly, the lead metaborate formed in the wood provided superb biological resistance against decay and termite attacks. In addition, the precipitates of these metaborates were found to be soluble in acidic solution, suggesting a way to remove these chemicals from wood when disposing of waste materials. 相似文献
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Sye Hee Ahn Sei Chang Oh In-Gyu Choi Ho-Yong Kim In Yang 《Journal of Wood Science》2008,54(6):495-501
As a substitute for high-cost copper azole (CuAz) and alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ) wood preservatives, alternative wood
preservatives were formulated with okara, which is an organic waste from the production of tofu, and copper chloride and/or
borax. Each preservative was used in treatment of wood blocks in a reduced-pressure method to measure its treatability. The
treated wood blocks were placed in hot water for 3 days to examine the stability of the preservatives against hot-water leaching.
The preservatives successfully penetrated into wood blocks, probably due to the use of ammonium hydroxide as a dissociating
agent. However, the stability of okara-based preservatives dropped as the concentration of acid in the solutions used for
hydrolysis of okara increased. The treatability and leachability of the preservatives were not affected by hydrolysis temperature
but were negatively affected by the addition of borax. Leached wood blocks treated with okara-based preservatives and exposed
to decay fungi Gloeophyllum trabeum and Postia placenta over 12 weeks showed good decay resistance. Okara-based wood preservatives can protect wood against fungal attack as effectively
as CuAz, and have potential for use as environmentally friendly wood preservatives. 相似文献
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杭州市城市土壤重金属的潜在可淋洗性研究 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
研究了杭州市城市土壤 8个重金属元素 (Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Mn)的含量、形态和潜在可淋洗性。结果表明 ,该城市土壤中Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn和Mn均有明显的积累 ,其中Cd、Co、Cr和Ni主要以稳定的残余态为主 ,而Cu、Pb、Zn和Mn则以可提取态为主 ,因此在强还原、强酸性或有利于有机质分解条件下Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn的释放潜力较高。用荷兰能源研究中心的淋洗方法 (pH4 0 )测试表明 ,该市城市土壤的重金属可淋洗性较低 ,在一般条件下该城市土壤重金属不会有较大的释放 ,这与该城市土壤中酸可提取态重金属比例较低并含有较高的有机质及粘粒含量有关 相似文献
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J. J. Den Van Berg 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》1993,4(4):407-413
The disposal of sewage sludge affects the environment as the sludge May, contain harmful components such as pathogenic organisms, organic compounds, heavy metals and excess phosphorus and nitrogen. Depending on the method of disposal, these effects can be immediate or time-delayed and non-linear. the effects of dumped or landfilled sewage sludge can be characterized through its leaching capability, which depends on the treatment before dumping. Treatment May, be simple dewatering or advanced incineration, wet oxidation or immobilization. Leach-ability is considered here. 相似文献
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