平菇专用保鲜膜常温MAP保鲜试验

以3种特制抗菌膜、1种常规保鲜LDPE膜和1种普通LDPE膜为试材,研究平菇常温不同特性保鲜膜MAP保鲜效果,确定最佳平菇保鲜膜.结果表明,日本产保鲜膜和国家农产品保鲜中心研制的抗菌膜包装平菇后于常温下贮藏8天,基本保持平菇原有的品质,失重率小于2%.     

包装对香榧坚果贮藏中的油脂酸败和抗氧化能力的影响

以香榧坚果为材料,研究不同包装方式对香榧原料和加工后成品的酸价、过氧化值、总酚含量、DPPH自由基清除能力和和抑制脂质过氧化作用的影响,以期了解真空包装对香榧坚果贮藏过程中脂肪氧化和抗氧化活性的影响.结果表明:香榧原料和成品在贮藏过程中均发生油脂的氧化酸败,表现出过氧化值和酸价上升,总酚含量下降.采用真空包装可显著降低香榧成品贮藏过程中酸价和过氧化值的增加幅度,减轻脂肪的氧化酸败,保持较高的总酚含量,减缓DPPH自由基清除能力的下降,抑制亚油酸脂质的氧化,相对较好地维持组织的抗氧化能力.     

Development of Eco-friendly and Non-hazardous Weed Control Technology for Lowland Rice by Smothering through LDPE Film

Intensive use of chemical herbicides and pesticides has raised serious concern about their effect on non-target organisms, plants, human bodies and the environment. Hence there is a continuous search for benign, harmless, non-hazardous and eco-friendly technology to control the growth of weeds which compete with crops for water, nutrients, light and space; thus reducing crop yield significantly. An attempt was made to control the weeds through smothering. This controls the weeds by cutting off light from the photosynthetic portion of weed plants by using black polyethylene sheets (LPDE film) which inhibit the top growth. Experiments to control the weeds in a lowland rice field through smothering were conducted in the high rainfall coastal region of eastern India wth eight treatments including smothering and conventional methods like hand/mechanical weeding and herbicides, etc. The treatment of smothering for one week + puddling + transplanting proved to be better than other conventional methods and may replace herbicide and hand/mechanical weeding totally with a better rice yield.     

木质素-LDPE扭矩流变性能试验研究

研究了影响木质素与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)共混物在转矩流变仪中的共混最大扭矩、平衡扭矩以及达到平衡扭矩时间的各个因素。结果表明,木质素、淀粉降解母料、增塑剂、温度对扭矩有明显影响;在LDPE为100份时,木质素55份,淀粉母料25份,增塑剂占木质素7.5%,增容剂10.5份,温度为180℃,共混物塑化性能最优。     

适宜共混速度改善低密度聚乙烯/竹粉复合材料力学与流变性能

该文主要研究共混速度对(low density polyethylene,LDPE)/竹粉木塑复合材料、流变性能和吸水率的影响。采用熔融共混方法制备LDPE/竹粉复合材料,通过旋转流变仪、扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)和材料试验机等详细研究了共混速度(40,75和100 r/min)对LDPE/竹粉复合材料的复合材料动态力学性能、形态、吸水率和力学性能的影响。在LDPE/竹粉复合材料,LDPE、增容剂马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene,MAPE)和竹粉的质量比控制在65∶5∶30。共混温度和时间分别设定为170℃和10 min。结果表明,添加竹粉可有效增强LDPE的力学性能。LDPE/竹粉复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度随着共混速度的增加而呈现下降趋势,但是与纯LDPE相比,LDPE/竹粉复合材料(40 r/min)的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别增加了28%和115%;弯曲模量从48.45 MPa降低到40.75 MPa。与LDPE相比,LDPE/竹粉复合材料(40 r/min)的弯曲模量最高增加了238%;缺口冲击强度则从12.8 k J/m2提高到18.27 k J/m2,但仍低于纯LDPE。在相同频率下(1.0 Hz),随着共混速度的增加,LDPE/竹粉复合材料的储能模量和复数黏度也逐渐下降,加工性能得到了改善;同时复合材料的吸水率也从0.89%(40 r/min)下降至0.59%(100 r/min)。SEM结果表明,竹粉能均匀分布在LDPE中,提高共混速度使得竹粉表面被大量树脂覆盖,改善了界面性能,使得材料断裂面产生大量的塑性形变,提高了材料韧性和冲击强度。试验结果证实共混速度为100 r/min时,LDPE/竹粉复合材料具有较好的冲击强度和较低的吸水率,这为木塑复合材料力学性能和吸水率的改善提供有意借鉴。     

Effect of hot air,UV-C,white light and modified atmosphere treatments on expression of chlorophyll degrading genes in postharvest broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) florets

Several treatments were applied in order to delay postharvest degreening in broccoli florets and investigate their effects on genes associated with chlorophyll catabolism. Degradation of chlorophylls is the most evident visual manifestation of broccoli postharvest deterioration, occurring rapidly due to the immature stage in which the material is harvested. Treatments such as storage in modified atmosphere, exposure to hot air, UV-C and white lamps were employed in the current work to induce a delay in degreening and chlorophyll degradation. Expression of genes possibly related to chlorophyll catabolism was analyzed in these samples and discussed. Chlorophyllases, the enzymes traditionally believed to remove the phytol side chain from chlorophyll appear to have a gene expression that was not regulated by postharvest treatments. Pheophytinase, a recently discovered new enzyme in this metabolic pathway, correlated chlorophyll loss accurately in heat, UV-C and white-light treatments, but not in modified atmospheres. Results presented in this work indicate that postharvest treatments that delay chlorophyll degradation have a higher effect on the expression of pheophytinase rather than on chlorophyllase genes.     

响应面法优化制备竹粉-LDPE复合材料

选取偶联剂用量、润滑剂用量及抗氧剂用量3个因素进行D-optimal设计,运用响应面法对竹塑复合材料的制备工艺参数进行优化,得到各响应值与试验因素之间的定量数学关系模型,以及各单因素对响应值的交互影响,确定竹塑复合材料制备试验的优化条件为：偶联剂用量5．82％,抗氧剂用量0,润滑剂用量0．50％。在该工艺条件下制得的复合材料各项性能为：拉伸强度13．34MPa,弯曲强度18．74MPa,弯曲模量746．39MPa,冲击韧性6．57kJ／m2,维卡软化温度101．95℃,熔体流动速率为0．89g／10min。     

农业剩余物纤维-回收塑料复合材料界面偶联剂的合成及表征

以PAPI和聚醚多元醇为原料,合成并表征了麦秸-回收塑料(LDPE)复合材料用界面偶联剂──端异氰酸酯聚氨酯预聚物PU1和PU2,研究了偶联剂的原料配比、合成步骤、结构性能与复合材料性能之间的关系.FT-IR光谱证实,PAPI与聚醚多元醇反应生成了氨基甲酸酯,生成物分子组成中含游离的异氰酸酯基;GPC分析表明,PU1和PU2数均相对分子质量(Mn)为4370和7230,分布指数为2.1和2.3;DSC分析表明,PU1和PU2的Tg分别为-65.5和-41.2℃;与未使用偶联剂的麦秸-回收LDPE复合材料相比较,2.5%的PU1和PU2偶联的相应材料,物理以及力学性能指标显著提高,偶联效果PU1优于PU2,PU1对应材料的性能指标超过GB/T4897.7-2003规定的在潮湿状态下使用的增强结构用板要求.     

辣椒秆与LDPE共热解特性及其炭化产物还田适宜性评价

针对中国部分地区农作物秸秆与农膜处理难的问题,利用外加热热解工艺,开展了辣椒秸秆（CS,chili straw）与低密度聚乙烯（LDPE,low density polyethylene）的共热解试验,研究了不同掺混比和热解温度对共热解产物产率、特性及共热解炭还田指标的影响。结果表明,混合样品的分解主要有脱水、挥发分析出、聚合物降解和焦炭形成4个阶段。随着热解温度的升高,共热解炭的产率呈下降趋势,共热解气和共热解油的产率增加;共热解气的LHV（low heat value）处于8.6～14.5 MJ/Nm³之间,共热解炭的LHV处于19.6～28.5 MJ/kg之间。此外,随着温度升高,共热解炭的挥发分逐渐减少,固定碳和灰分逐渐增加;共热解炭的比表面积处于0.4～2.2 m²/g之间,与温度呈正相关,与掺混比呈负相关,共热解炭的pH值与温度呈正相关,整体处于10.1～12.5之间,掺混比对pH值的影响不明显;共热解炭的PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon)含量及TEQ(toxic equivalent quantity)毒性低于其他研究平均值,只有15%-500 ℃（LDPE质量分数为15%,在500 ℃热解）中PAHs总量超过EBC设定的优质级阈值（4 mg/kg）。高温条件下利于PAHs的分解,共热解炭用于还田应适当提高热解温度,为农村秸秆和农膜处理提供参考。     

高压聚乙烯反应器的自增强处理效果分析

本文论述茂名三十万吨乙烯工程高压聚乙烯反应器的自增强处理通过分析计算得出，在自增强处理后反应器器壁操作应力水平大大降低，而器壁危险截面也由内表面转移到弹塑性界面，这有利于反应器强度的提高和疲劳寿命的延长.