Effects of Adding Mannan Oligosaccharides to Diets with Different Concentrate to Forage Ratios on Ruminal Fermentation of Sheep in vitro

The test was aimed at determining the effects of adding MOS to diets with different concentrate to forage ratios on ruminal fermentation of sheep in vitro.The 4×6 two-factor experimental design was chosen.There were 4 diets with different concentrate to forage ratios(20:80, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50) and added to 6 dosages MOS(0, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6% and 2.0%), respectively.The method of gas production in vitro was used to measure the total gas and CH₄ production, IVDMD, IVCPD and IVOMD after cultured for 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h.The results showed that the gas(except 12 and 24 h) and CH₄ production(except 9 h) were not impacted by the two factors(P>0.05).The IVDMD, IVCPD and IVOMD were significantly affected by concentrate to forage ratios(P<0.05), while the IVCPD at 24 h was significantly affected by MOS(P<0.05).Meanwhile, all the indexes were not influenced by the interaction of two factors(P>0.05).The IVDMD and IVOMD increased with the rising of concentrate approximately, while the IVCPD decreased with the rising of MOS roughly.The biggest associative effect was gained in 30:70 concentrate to forage diet when adding 1.2% MOS.     

热风干燥对魔芋甘露聚糖含量的影响

应用二次正交旋转组合试验设计，研究了风温，风速，切片厚度３因素对魔芋甘露聚糖含量的影响，结果表明：（１）由试验研究所得到的数学模型可用于定量描述魔芋甘露聚糖在干制中的变化规律；（２）影响魔芋甘露聚糖变化的主因素效应为：风温〉片厚〉〉风速；（３）风温与片厚和风速与片厚的交互作用对魔芋甘露聚糖具有极其显著的影响；（４）魔芋甘露糖损失率最小的最佳干燥工艺参数为，风温７０℃，风速１．２ｍ／ｓ，切片厚度７ｍ     

代乳粉添加甘露寡糖对7—28日龄湖羊羔羊胃肠道发育的影响

【目的】探讨代乳粉中添加甘露寡糖（mannan oligosaccharides,MOS）对7—28日龄湖羊羔羊胃肠道生长发育的影响。【方法】选择同质性良好的7日龄湖羊公羔（双羔）30只,随机分为2组,每组15只,每只为1个重复,对照组羔羊饲喂不含MOS的代乳粉,试验组羔羊饲喂含0.2 % MOS的代乳粉,试验期21d。羔羊28日龄时,两个试验组各随机选择8只羔羊屠宰,取出消化道,称量各胃室和肠段包含内容物的质量和净质量,量取各肠段长度,用以计算各部位的相对质量和内容物分布,以及各肠段的相对长度。多聚甲醛固定皱胃胃底腺区及十二指肠、空肠和回肠中段的组织样品,测定组织形态和小肠上皮细胞凋亡率。采集十二指肠、空肠和回肠的黏膜样品,测定紧密连接蛋白1 (claudin 1)、闭锁小带1（zonula occludens-1,ZO-1）和闭锁蛋白（occludin）的mRNA表达量。【结果】除空肠相对长度外（%全肠长度,P=0.040）,MOS对羔羊胃肠指数（%活体质量）、胃肠相对质量（%全胃质量、%全肠质量和%全胃肠质量）、肠道相对长度（%全肠长度）、内容物相对活体质量（%活体质量）、胃肠内容物相对总胃/肠内容物及总胃肠内容物相对质量（%总胃内容物、总肠内容物、总胃肠内容物）、小肠上皮细胞凋亡率和小肠黏膜claudin 1蛋白mRNA的表达量均没有产生显著影响（P＞0.05）,但MOS显著提高羔羊十二指肠绒毛高度和肌层厚度并显著降低绒毛宽度（P=0.033,P=0.047,P=0.015）,显著上调空肠ZO-1蛋白mRNA表达量（P=0.028）,此外,MOS有提高羔羊回肠绒毛高度、绒毛宽度和隐窝深度、皱胃肌层厚度及回肠occludin蛋白mRNA表达量的趋势（P=0.075,P=0.078,P=0.085,P=0.084,P=0.052）。【结论】MOS对7—28日龄湖羊羔羊胃肠道相对质量、长度和内容物分布基本无显著影响,但可改善十二指肠和回肠绒毛及肌层的组织形态,维持小肠屏障功能,有利于提高养分消化率。     

Effects of the prebiotic mannan‐oligosaccharide on feed deprived zebrafish: Growth and reproduction

This study was designed to investigate whether the prebiotic mannan‐oligosaccharides (MOS) can reduce the deleterious impacts of feed deprivation on growth and reproduction in zebrafish. In the growth performance experiment, juvenile fish were distributed in the following four treatments: normal‐control (NC), starved‐control (SC), normal‐prebiotic (NP) and starved‐prebiotic (SP). After 8 weeks, NP and SC fish showed the highest and lowest growth patterns, respectively among treatments. Standard length, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio did not differ significantly between NC and SP treatments. Autochthonous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were significantly higher in NP and SP than the NC and SP treatments. Feed restriction resulted in significantly lower concentrations of thyroxine. In the reproductive performance experiment, additional juveniles were fed as in the growth experiment. Crossing in the final week of the experiment resulted in successful spawning in only NP fish, which showed mature sperm and oocytes in histological examinations. The number of spermatozoa was significantly lower in the fish that experienced feed restriction; however, the oocytes of SP females were at the same maturation level to that observed in NC females. Sex‐steroids changed after both starvation and MOS supplementation where NC and SP showed no differences in the levels of testosterone and female's 17β‐estradiol. These results indicate that MOS supplemented diet reduced some side effects of feed deprivation (final weight and length, SGR, FCR and levels of LAB and T3), and suggest that supplementation of the diet with MOS may ameliorate some of the negative effects of feed deprivation in zebrafish.     

甘露寡糖对肉鸡生产性能和肠道微生物以及免疫机能的影响

为探明甘露寡糖在肉鸡生产上的最佳使用剂量,选用11日龄广东岭南黄肉鸡1200只,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每重复50只鸡,分别饲喂6种不同日粮,自由采食和饮水.第1组为空白对照组,第2,3,4,5,6组为试验组,在基础日粮的基础上分别添加1g/kgBio-MOS(甘露寡糖),4mg/kg黄霉素,1g/kgBio-MOS+4mg/kg黄霉素,0.5g/kgBio-MOS和1.5g/kgBio-MOS.结果表明:(1)添加Bio-MOS,提高了肉鸡的日增重和采食量,但与对照组之间差异不显著(p>0.05).(2)添加Bio-MOS1g/kg,盲肠中双歧杆菌显著高于对照组(p<0.05),但对回肠中双歧杆菌增殖效果不明显.与对照组相比,添加不同水平的Bio-MOS对盲、回肠乳酸杆菌增殖效果不明显,但不同程度地提高了盲肠中乳酸杆菌的含量;盲肠中大肠杆菌数量没有明显降低;回肠中除0.5g/kg组外,其余各组之间大肠杆菌含量差异不显著.(3)与对照组相比,添加Bio-MOS1g/kg极显著地提高了血液中T淋巴细胞的百分率(p<0.01).添加Bio-MOS对血清中新城疫抗体效价影响不明显,但以饲料中添加Bio-MOS1g/kg效果最好.饲料中添加Bio-MOS对血清中IgA,IgG,IgM影响不显著,但添加Bio-MOS1g/kg,其IgA,IgG,IgM的含量明显高于其他各组.(4)肉鸡日粮中同时添加甘露寡糖和黄霉素,两者表现出协同作用,但不及甘露寡糖单独使用时的效果.     

3种海绵中的甘露聚糖专一性凝集素

在3种海绵(Myxilla incrustans,Codosphaera sp．,Biemrta variantia)中发现了与甘露聚糖结合的专一性凝集素,甘露聚糖的甘露糖残基是通过α(1→2)和α(1→6)相互联接的。对3种海绵凝集素的血凝抑制测试的结果表明,对于海绵Myxilla incrustarts凝集素而言,猪腺体糖蛋白、脱酸猪腺体糖蛋白、胎球蛋白和脱酸胎球蛋白都是比较好的抑制剂;对于海绵Coelosphaera sp．凝集素而言,仅猪腺体糖蛋白是有效的抑制剂;而对海绵Biemna variantia凝集素来说,猪腺体糖蛋白和脱酸猪腺体糖蛋白是有效的抑制剂。这3种凝集素对自然的和用胰蛋白酶消化后的人体红细胞(B型)都有很好的凝集作用,它们的血凝活性不依赖钙离子的存在。     

魔芋套种黄蜀葵栽培技术

近年来,黄蜀葵作为中药材在我市规模化人工试种获得成功,农户种植经济效益较好,积极性较高。黄蜀葵植株高、叶片大,能为魔芋提供遮荫生长环境条件,且二者主要根系分布于不同土层,充分利用不同土层肥水,实现双收目的。经两年多点观察记载,归纳总结形成了魔芋套种黄蜀葵的栽培技术,以此为魔芋、黄蜀葵产业发展提供参考。     

魔芋再制奶酪的研制

以天然切达奶酪和魔芋粉为主要原料,研究了魔芋再制奶酪的生产工艺,采用L9(34)正交试验法,分析了不同切达奶酪添加比例、魔芋粉的添加量、乳化盐添加量和乳化时间对魔芋再制奶酪色泽、滋气味和组织状态的影响,确定了生产魔芋再制奶酪的最佳工艺条件为:不同切达奶酪(3个月成熟∶9个月成熟)添加比例1∶3,质量分数6%的魔芋粉,质量分数2%的乳化盐,乳化时间6 min。由此制得的魔芋再制干酪,不仅可以保持传统再制干酪的组织状态,并且具有魔芋的滋气味。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖的磷酸酯化改性研究

[目的]研发新型的生物可降解凝胶。[方法]以魔芋葡甘聚糖为主要原料、三聚磷酸钠为交联剂,合成了生物可降解的磷酸酯化魔芋葡甘聚糖水凝胶,并探讨了该水凝胶的溶胀动力学以及不同反应条件对凝胶平衡溶胀比的影响,并通过体外降解试验分析了该水凝胶的生物可降解性。[结果]该水凝胶在溶胀初期溶胀比迅速增加,随着溶胀时间的延长,溶胀比增长逐渐变慢,8 h后达到溶胀平衡。该水凝胶的平衡溶胀比随魔芋葡甘聚糖用量的增加而逐渐升高,随着交联剂三聚磷酸钠用量的增加而逐渐降低。该水凝胶可被含有β-葡聚糖苷酶的纤维素酶降解,而不能被不含β-葡聚糖苷酶的胰酶等降解,保持了魔芋葡甘聚糖所具有的生物可降解性。[结论]磷酸酯化魔芋葡甘聚糖水凝胶可作为用于结肠定位释药的生物可降解水凝胶。     

啤酒酵母甘露聚糖的提取及其对鸡肠道微生物区系的影响

研究了甘露聚糖复合物的提取技术,确立了该复合物的制备工艺,分析了甘露聚糖的化学组成.结果表明,该复合物是含蛋白质的多糖,其蛋白质的氨基酸组成具有明显的特征性,苏氨酸和丝氨酸的含量较高,而蛋氨酸相对较少.在饲料中添加MOS饲喂雏鸡至第10日,可使粪便中的大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P＜0.05),而乳杆菌数量极显著提高(P＜0.01).