福建省贮木场的发展出路

本文对福建省贮木场的发展历史进行扼要回顾,分析和评述了木材市场开放后福建省贮木场的现状,针对发展中存在的问题,并紧紧围绕经济发展的两个根本转变,对贮木场的发展出路提出看法。     

Characterizing historical and modern fire regimes in Michigan (USA): A landscape ecosystem approach

We studied the relationships of landscape ecosystems to historical and contemporary fire regimes across 4.3 million hectares in northern lower Michigan (USA). Changes in fire regimes were documented by comparing historical fire rotations in different landscape ecosystems to those occurring between 1985 and 2000. Previously published data and a synthesis of the literature were used to identify six forest-replacement fire regime categories with fire rotations ranging from very short (<100 years) to very long (>1,000 years). We derived spatially-explicit estimates of the susceptibility of landscape ecosystems to fire disturbance using Landtype Association maps as initial units of investigation. Each Landtype Association polygon was assigned to a fire regime category based on associations of ecological factors known to influence fire regimes. Spatial statistics were used to interpolate fire points recorded by the General Land Office. Historical fire rotations were determined by calculating the area burned for each category of fire regime and dividing this area by fifteen (years) to estimate area burned per annum. Modern fire rotations were estimated using data on fire location and size obtained from federal and state agencies. Landtype Associations networked into fire regime categories exhibited differences in both historical and modern fire rotations. Historical rotations varied by 23-fold across all fire rotation categories, and modern forest fire rotations by 13-fold. Modern fire rotations were an order of magnitude longer than historical rotations. The magnitude of these changes has important implications for forest health and understanding of ecological processes in most of the fire rotation categories that we identified.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

生根剂和环境条件对枣嫩枝扦插生根的影响

以中枣1号、黄骅冬枣和七月鲜枣为试材,研究了不同条件下枣嫩枝扦插生根的效果。结果表明,生根剂类型是影响中枣1号嫩枝扦插育苗生根率高低的第一关键因子。国繁2号1000~2000 mg/L、处理30 s~1.5 h,生根率均为100%;ABT1生根剂最适浓度为1500 mg/L、处理0.5 h,生根率均为84.5%;ABT6生根剂最适浓度为500 mg/L、处理1 h,生根率均为51%;对照平均生根率为20.7%。不同处理都在珍珠岩+蛭石+河沙(1∶1∶1)混合基质中生根数最多;温度35~40℃、湿度90%~100%、70%光照的环境条件下生根率最高。     

干旱胁迫对枣树叶片生理的影响

以盆栽2年生蒙山脆枣和沾化冬枣为试材,研究了不同干旱胁迫程度对叶片水分饱和亏、叶片保水力、游离脯氨酸含量、SOD活性、POD活性、甜菜碱含量等生理指标的影响。结果表明:尽管品种间的变化存在差异,但随着干旱胁迫程度的加重,两品种的叶片保水力呈下降趋势,水分饱和亏、Pro含量、甜菜碱含量呈增加趋势,SOD、POD活性呈先升高后下降趋势;高含量的甜菜碱有利于枣叶片保持较高的水分含量,甜菜碱、Pro含量与枣品种的抗旱性存在一定的正相关关系,可以作为枣品种抗旱性鉴定的指标。     

华北东部低平原红枣产业的现状、问题及解决途径

华北东部低平原金丝小枣产区是我国最大的红枣产区,产区跨越山东、河北及天津3个省(市)的近30个县(市、区)。文章在简要叙述区域内红枣产业(含冬枣产业)发展现状的基础上,从宏观高度分析了当前红枣产业发展中存在的重大问题,并提出了解决这些问题的重要途径。     

NG在枣试管苗继代培养中的效应

NG是一种非生长激素类的化学药剂。经试验证明:NG是枣组织培养中一种有效的新型生长调节物质。以H培养基为基本培养基,附加70％NG100mg·l~(-1),可显著地提高枣试管继代繁殖材料发芽数,在75～200mg·l~(-1)范围内,随浓度的提高,单芽梢生长量有显著下降的趋势,大于75mg·l~(-1)抑制生根。25mg·l~(-1)、50mg·l~(-1)的NG有利于枣试管继代繁殖材料生根,使芽梢生长粗壮,单株芽梢的总生长量也显著增加,而且用作继代繁殖材料利用率高。     

Long-term impact of reduced tillage and residue management on soil carbon stabilization: Implications for conservation agriculture on contrasting soils

Residue retention and reduced tillage are both conservation agricultural management options that may enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization in tropical soils. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of long-term tillage and residue management on SOC dynamics in a Chromic Luvisol (red clay soil) and Areni-Gleyic Luvisol (sandy soil) in Zimbabwe. At the time of sampling the soils had been under conventional tillage (CT), mulch ripping (MR), clean ripping (CR) and tied ridging (TR) for 9 years. Soil was fully dispersed and separated into 212–2000 μm (coarse sand), 53–212 μm (fine sand), 20–53 μm (coarse silt), 5–20 μm (fine silt) and 0–5 μm (clay) size fractions. The whole soil and size fractions were analyzed for C content. Conventional tillage treatments had the least amount of SOC, with 14.9 mg C g⁻¹ soil and 4.2 mg C g⁻¹ soil for the red clay and sandy soils, respectively. The highest SOC content was 6.8 mg C g⁻¹ soil in the sandy soil under MR, whereas for the red clay soil, TR had the highest SOC content of 20.4 mg C g⁻¹ soil. Organic C in the size fractions increased with decreasing size of the fractions. In both soils, the smallest response to management was observed in the clay size fractions, confirming that this size fraction is the most stable. The coarse sand-size fraction was most responsive to management in the sandy soil where MR had 42% more organic C than CR, suggesting that SOC contents of this fraction are predominantly controlled by amounts of C input. In contrast, the fine sand fraction was the most responsive fraction in the red clay soil with a 66% greater C content in the TR than CT. This result suggests that tillage disturbance is the dominant factor reducing C stabilization in a clayey soil, probably by reducing C stabilization within microaggregates. In conclusion, developing viable conservation agriculture practices to optimize SOC contents and long-term agroecosystem sustainability should prioritize the maintenance of C inputs (e.g. residue retention) to coarse textured soils, but should focus on the reduction of SOC decomposition (e.g. through reduced tillage) in fine textured soils.     

黄土高原植被净初级生产力时空变化及其影响因素

为了探明黄土高原地区植被生产力变化的驱动机制,该文基于MODIS传感器获得的MOD17A3数据,分析了黄土高原2000-2010年间植被净初级生产力(net primary productivity,NPP)的时空变化及其主要影响因素,并借助多元统计分析方法对引起NPP变化的自然和人为因素进行量化分析。结果表明:黄土高原植被总NPP从2000年的119 Tg(以C计)增加到2010年的144 Tg(以C计),年增速4.57 g/(m2·a)(P0.05)(以C计)。黄土高原约91%的区域NPP呈增加趋势,37%的区域增加趋势显著,主要分布在陕西、青海大部分地区、甘肃南部及宁南山区。整个黄土高原近11 a间NPP变化受自然和人为因素共同影响,其中退耕还林还草累计面积、帕尔默干旱指数(palmer drought severity index,PDSI)、耕地面积和人口数量是影响NPP变化的主要因素。退耕还林还草累计面积占四者总贡献率的43%,PDSI占40%,耕地面积和人口数量分别占13%和4%。对区域而言,由退耕还林还草工程引起的土地利用覆被变化是退耕区(陕北、甘肃东南部等)NPP增加的主要因素,而近年来干旱情况的缓解(PDSI呈上升趋势)则是青海、内蒙古等地NPP增加的主要因素。该研究对于黄土高原各区域生态资源管理,以及生态系统的建设具有一定的指导和借鉴意义。     

截形叶螨危害下枣叶片叶绿素含量高光谱估算模型

以不同截形叶螨(Tetranychus truncatus Ehara)危害等级下枣叶片高光谱和叶绿素含量数据为基础,分析不同截形叶螨危害等级(0级、1级、2级、3级、4级)下枣叶片高光谱特征,构建基于一阶微分光谱的不同截形叶螨危害等级枣叶片叶绿素含量高光谱线性回归估测模型。结果表明:截形叶螨危害造成叶片中叶绿素含量减少,导致光谱反射率降低,表现为随危害等级的增加叶绿素含量呈逐级减少趋势。在不同截形叶螨危害等级枣叶片叶绿素估测模型中,危害等级为0级时,模型拟合度最好,达到0.810,表明利用高光谱数据构建不同危害等级枣叶片叶绿素含量估算模型具有一定的潜力,对危害植被叶片的虫害诊断意义重大。     

大枣叶水提醇沉物的抗氧化活性研究

目的：对大枣叶水提醇沉物的抗氧化活性进行研究,筛选抗氧化活性良好的醇沉方式和醇沉浓度。方法：分别用不同浓度的乙醇直接醇沉、分级醇沉得到大枣叶醇沉物,以ABTS自由基清除率、DPPH自由基清除率、羟基自由基清除率、还原力为考察指标,筛选抗氧化活性高的醇沉工艺。结果：大枣叶分级醇沉物总体上抗氧化活性强于直接醇沉,大枣叶水提物直接醇沉使含醇量达80%的醇沉物抗氧化活性较佳,分级醇沉物在4种不同抗氧化考察方法下呈现不同规律。结论：优选的醇沉方式和醇沉浓度,可为大枣叶健康产品的开发提供依据。