平行动轴少齿差传动多齿接触问题研究

以有限元弹性接触分析理论为基础，建立了平行动轴少齿差内啮合齿轮多齿接触时的有限元模型，提出了一种对平行动轴少齿差内齿轮副啮合过程中实际接触齿对数、齿间载荷的分配及齿面载荷分布的分析计算方法。以SH－350型平行动轴少齿差双环减速器为例，分析了其在额定载荷工况下的实际接触齿对数、齿间载荷分配及齿面载荷分布规律等，并利用应变测试方法进行了相应的实验，验证了理论分析计算的结论，为平行动轴少齿差内啮合齿轮传动承载能力的估算，齿轮几何参数的确定及零部件的强度分析计算提供了理论依据。     

Characterizing environmental and spatial variables associated with the incidental catch of olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) in the Eastern Tropical Pacific purse‐seine fishery

In the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), a region of high fishing activity, olive ridley (Lepidochelis olivacea) and other sea turtles are accidentally caught in fishing nets with tuna and other animals. To date, the interaction between fishing activity, ocean conditions and sea turtle incidental catch in the ETP has been described and quantified, but the factors leading to the interaction of olive ridleys and fishing activity are not well understood. This information is essential for the development of future management strategies that avoid bycatch and incidental captures of sea turtles. We used Generalized additive models (GAM) to analyze the relationship between olive ridley incidental catch per unit effort (iCPUE) in the ETP purse‐seine fisheries and environmental conditions, geographic extent and fishing set type (associated with dolphins, floating objects or in free‐swimming tuna schools). Our results suggest that water temperature, set type and geographic location (latitude, longitude and distance to nesting beaches) are the most important predictor variables to describe the probability of a capture event, with the highest iCPUE observed in sets made over floating objects. With the environmental predictors used, sea surface temperatures (SST) of 26–30°C and chlorophyll‐a (chl‐a) concentrations <0.36 mg m^?3 were associated with the highest probability of an incidental catch. Temporally, the highest probability of an incidental catch was observed in the second half of the year (June to December). Four regions were observed as high incidental catch hotspots: North and south of the equator between 0–10°N; 0–10°S and from 120 to 140°W; and along the Colombian coast and surrounding regions.     

热带海岸次生林群落主要乔木的种间关联分析

对热带海岸次生林群落主要乔木种群的重要值、方差比率、χ~2统计量和Ochiai(OI)指数等种间联结性指标进行测定,旨在揭示该群落优势种群之间相互作用的内在关联及种对间关联性的内在规律。结果表明:香蒲桃是热带海岸次生林群落的主要建群种;热带海岸次生林群落19个主要种群总体关联性表现为不显著正关联,反映了该群落尚未达到稳定的演替阶段;χ~2检验结果显示该群落优势种群正关联种对与负关联种对数量相当,无关联种对数较少,分别占总对数的42.7%、43.3%和14.0%,显著正关联种对数为1对,极显著和显著负关联种对数为2对;Ochiai(OI)指数显示66对种对的OI值落在[0.6,1],反映出热带海岸次生林主要种对间关联程度较为紧密。综上所述,热带海岸次生林群落优势种群种对间种间关联明显,物种之间存在一定的独立性,整体趋向稳定发展,实践中为加快热带次生林演替的进程,应重点保护正联结性较强的树种。     

板栗ISSR反应体系的优化及河北省板栗生态型的分析

以早丰和燕明2个板栗品种为试材,应用编号为ISSR52的引物,对ISSR反应体系中的dNTPs、TaqDNA聚合酶、引物、模板和甲酰胺等主要影响因子进行了优化筛选。结果表明：20μLISSR反应体系各组分的最适浓度分别为1×Buffer（含2．0mmol／L的Mg^2＋）,dNTPs0．2mmol／L,TaqDNA聚合酶1．0U,引物0．2μmol／L,模板25ng。加入2．0％的甲酰胺有利于减轻背景的干扰。利用该体系对9个河北省板栗品种（系）和1个山东省板栗品种进行了分析,以明确河北省板栗居群的遗传多样性。通过对53个ISSR引物的重复筛选,获得了19个稳定的ISSR引物,在10个品种（系）中共产生93条带,33．3％为多态性务带。通过聚类分析进一步明确河北省板栗可分为燕山和太行山2个生态型,并且太行山地区的板栗具有较高的遗传多样性。     

内蒙古东北部牧区1971—2005年地表干湿状况

利用1971～2005年内蒙古东北部呼伦贝尔市牧区4个站的月降水量、月平均气温和相时湿度资料,分析其地表干涅状况的时空分布和年际謇化特征。结果表明：19712005年呼伦贝尔市牧区春夏秋（冬季除外）季地表水分亏损面积在扩大,干旱化趋势加脚;牧区各站地表湿润指数和水分盈亏有差异,相对于全市其他地区而言,牧区比较干燥,水分亏损严重,这已严重影响牧区生产;敷区地衷湿润’指数呈减小趋势,地表趋于变干。由此推测,呼伦贝尔市牧区地表逐渐变干可能与降水量减少和气温的逐渐升高有关。     

罗田甜柿种质资源ISSR分子标记初步鉴定

分别采集湖北省罗田县、麻城市自然分布的28、8株罗田甜柿(Diospyros kaki Thunb cv.Oriental persimmon)古树优系及小涩柿、无核、宝盖、秋焰甜柿优系为研究材料,利用简单重复序列间扩增分子标记(Inter simple sequence repeat,ISSR)技术对40个甜柿优系进行初步认证及亲缘关系分析。结果表明:1从21条ISSR引物中筛选出了9条能够扩增出清晰、稳定条带的引物,9条引物共扩增出185条谱带,其中多态性条带有185条,多态性条带比率为100%;2应用NTSYS2.10e软件对扩增结果进行非加权组平均法(Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means,UPGMA)聚类分析,40个甜柿优系大致被分为两大类,遗传相似系数从0.39到0.92;3罗田甜柿古树基因资源丰富,每个基因型都有其独特的指纹图谱,遗传多样性高。罗田甜柿优系间的亲缘关系与地理来源有一定的相关性,麻城市与罗田县地理位置交界区域的罗田甜柿资源相对集中在A区,其他地理位置采集优系集中在B区。分析结果可为罗田甜柿种质资源开发、基因资源保存、后期品种审定及鉴别提供理论依据。     

主体间性视域下高校和谐图书馆的构建

在高校图书馆工作中运用主体间性理论并建立主体间性下高校图书馆的和谐模式,是高校图书馆在当今提倡和谐社会和以人为本服务理念的形势下,促进图书馆的和谐发展,体现图书馆文化最终价值的表现。     

杨粮间作林内土温及水分因子的变化

根据江苏省泗阳县境内南方杨树杨粮间作林内土温及水分因子４ａ定位观测资料,系统地分析了杨粮间作林中土温及水分因子的变化规律。间作地年均温度低于对照,且温度变化缓慢;各原土壤含水量均低于对照,减少了对间作物的水分供应,但林粮间作可降低风速,减少蒸发,提高相对湿度。     

Relationships between individual movement,trophic position and growth of juvenile pike (Esox lucius)

Variation in movement between individuals can have important ecological effects on populations and ecosystems, yet the factors driving differences in movement and their consequences remain poorly understood. Here, individual variability in the movements of juvenile (age 0 +  and 1 +  year) pike Esox lucius was assessed using passive integrated transponder (PIT) telemetry in off‐channel nursery areas over a 26‐ month period. Differences in the movement patterns of individuals were tested against their body sizes, ages, growth rates and trophic positions using data collected through a combination of catch‐and‐release sampling and stable isotope analyses. Results revealed that variation in movement between individuals was affected by age, with 1 +  individuals moving more than individuals of age 0 + , but not length. Individuals whose TP was low on their initial capture event moved significantly less than those with a higher initial TP. Individuals that moved more grew faster and achieved a higher final TP. These results suggest that higher activity (i.e., increased movement) increases resource acquisition that enhances growth rates, which could ultimately maximise individual performances.