Food resources and cyprinid diet in permanent and temporary Mediterranean rivers with natural and regulated flow

This study addresses the differences in food availability, diet and feeding activity of the Iberian barbel, between permanent and temporary nonregulated rivers, and the effect of flow regulation on feeding parameters. A total of 267 adult barbels were seasonally collected in four nonregulated and regulated rivers from permanent and temporary basins, and their gut content was analysed. Locally available food sources were evaluated across sites and seasons. Barbels from the permanent nonregulated river exhibit a more variable and diversified diet in which invertebrates assumed a large importance, especially during high flows. Barbels from the temporary nonregulated river presented a more uniform diet composed of plant material and detritus, particularly in drought seasons. Flow regulation affected different flow components in both systems, but the effects on food resources and barbels' diet were similar, resulting in an intra‐annual stabilisation of resource availability and fish diet, with a higher consumption of plants and detritus. Changes in fish diet and feeding activity in both nonregulated and regulated rivers were strongly associated with the seasonal variability of streamflow components, particularly between low‐ and high‐flow periods, and with the reduction in flow variability in the case of dam regulation. Results from this study can be used to improve guidelines for flow requirement implementation.     

山东半岛与辽东半岛蚯蚓生物多样性研究

于2009年在我国的山东半岛和辽东半岛地区采用挖掘法对这些地区不同类型生境采集到的蚯蚓的生物多样性进行了系统调查。野外采集到的蚯蚓置于潮湿土壤带回驻地,在采集当日用70%酒精处死,保存于95%酒精以备研究。部分形态分类特征明显的蚯蚓个体作为模式标本保存于10%福尔马林溶液。本研究据此提供了该地区最新的蚯蚓资源名录。在山东半岛发现陆栖蚯蚓3科6属13种,以巨蚓科(占种类总数的39%)、正蚓科(占种类总数的39%)为主;在辽东半岛调查共发现3科7属16种,以正蚓科(占种类总数的44%)、巨蚓科(占种类总数的31%)为主。作为蠕虫养殖业中的赤子爱胜蚓,在野外环境中也有分布。     

江苏省褐飞虱迁入量的中长期预测模型

根据1983-2010年江苏省褐飞虱灯诱资料及1982-2010年全球海温场资料和美国国家环境预测中心（NCEP）气象再分析资料,对江苏稻区代表站高邮、通州和宜兴的褐飞虱迁入量与前一年1月-当年6月太平洋海温场、前一年12月-当年6月中南半岛近地表气温场和前一年7月-当年6月北半球大气环流特征量的相关关系进行分析,并运用逐步回归方法建立一系列褐飞虱年总迁入量的预测预报方程。结果表明：（1）高邮、通州和宜兴3站的褐飞虱迁入量在不同时空阈限内与太平洋海温场、中南半岛气温场和北半球大气环流特征量之间存在不同程度的相关性。3站褐飞虱迁入量的对数值与前一年海温场呈负相关,其中与通州和宜兴站褐飞虱迁入量对数值相关显著的海温区主要分布在北、中太平洋,高邮站则在南太平洋;高邮站褐飞虱迁入量的对数值与前一年12月和当年4月中南半岛西南部的近地表气温场呈正相关,通州站与前一年12月和当年2、3月中南半岛北部的近地表气温场呈负相关,宜兴站与当年1、3月中南半岛西南部的近地表气温场呈正相关、与当年4月中南半岛大部的近地表气温场呈负相关;3站褐飞虱迁入量的对数值主要与前一年7月-当年6月的各副高指数、各极涡指数、大西洋欧洲环流型、亚洲纬向环流指数、东亚槽强度、冷空气强度、西太平洋编号台风强度、南方涛动指数等相关显著。（2）从上述海温场、气温场和环流特征量中筛选出显著相关（P<0.05）的因子作为预测因子,建立褐飞虱年迁入量的预测模型,并筛选出回检正确率70%以上、预检正确率66.7%以上模型17个,适用性评估表明,各模型的预报结果与实测值基本吻合,表明模型可应用于单站褐飞虱年迁入量的预测。     

山东半岛典型流域果园与旱地景观结构分析

以烟台市土地利用现状图和2002年9月9日的ETM影像为信息源,结合地面考察,在3S技术的支持下,选取景观百分比、斑块密度、周长-面积分维数和斑块凝聚度,对烟台市16个典型流域的果园与旱地景观结构进行了分析。结果表明,果园在各流域中的面积比重较小,旱地面积占绝对优势;但果园斑块数量多。对各种景观指数比较表明,旱地的平均景观百分比明显高于果园景观,果园景观的平均、最大及最小斑块密度均明显高于旱地景观,两种景观的周长-面积分维数相差不大但斑块凝聚度的差异显著。     

山东半岛南部海域渔业资源结构及关键种的年际变化

关键种及其与群落中其他物种的联系,对维持整个生态系统的稳定性发挥了重要作用。基于2016-2018年山东半岛南部海域渔业资源调查与渔业种类食性文献数据,构建了山东半岛南部海域食物网拓扑结构并计算了拓扑重要性指数,筛选了群落关键种并分析了其年际变化。2016-2018年山东半岛南部海域食物网包含物种20~22个,摄食关系数量59~65个,年际差异不明显;食物网拓扑结构密度范围为0.3048~0.3684,种间关联度为0.1451~0.1634;群落关键种均为鳀(Engraulis japonicus)和黄鮟鱇(Lophius litulon)。鳀作为关键被捕食者,黄鮟鱇作为关键捕食者,两者对群落结构的能量流动和信息传递起关键作用;鳀和黄鮟鱇在2016-2018年均为优势种,但鳀优势度逐年下降,细纹狮子鱼(Liparis tanakae)从2017年开始也成为优势种。     

Comparative study of the characteristics of the carcass and the meat of the Chato Murciano pig and its cross with Iberian pig, reared indoors

The Chato Murciano pig is a breed catalogued as a Special Protection breed in danger of extinction. At present it is commonly reared in an intensive system. We have studied the mineral composition and other characteristics of its carcass and meat. Samples from the Musculus longissimus lumborum were taken from a total number of 43 animals, divided into two groups, Chato Murciano and Chato Murciano crossed with Iberian, reared in a conventional indoor system. The resulting meat of the Chato Murciano pig and its cross with Iberian was especially rich in iron and copper, rich in phosphorus, and marginally poor in calcium and sodium. The evolution of the pH of the carcass was that of pigs which do not produce PSE (pale, soft and exudative) meat. Some relevant positive correlation coefficients between minerals (P ≤ 0.05) have been found.     

Carbon source and trophic position of pelagic fish in coastal waters of south-eastern Izu Peninsula,Japan, identified by stable isotope analysis

ABSTRACT:   It is important to clarify trophic dynamics in marine ecosystems for management of the fishing ground. Organic carbon sources and trophic position of pelagic fishes in the coastal waters of the south-eastern Izu Peninsula, Japan, were examined on the basis of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope distributions. The δ¹³C of the fishes was mostly distributed from −19 to −16‰ for nektonic fishes (13 species of adults and immatures) and planktonic fishes (10 species of larvae and juveniles), close to the δ¹³C values of particulate organic matter and planktonic decapods. These δ¹³C signatures for the inhabitants of the water column were in contrast with the high δ¹³C values (mainly −16 to −13‰) for demersal fishes of Scorpaeniformes and benthic polychaetes collected in the surf zone. These results indicate that nektonic and planktonic fishes depend on phytoplankton for carbon supply. The δ¹⁵N signatures suggest that the trophic position ranged 3.1–4.5 for the nektonic fishes and 2.9–3.7 for the planktonic fishes, premised on trophic level 3 for larval Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus . Thus, planktivorous fishes should be mainly assigned to trophic levels 3 and 4 in this area.     

苏州阳澄湖半岛湿地公园科普宣教规划设计研究

湿地公园科普宣教规划的主要目标是宣传湿地功能价值、普及湿地科学知识、弘扬湿地文化。从科普宣教规划和形式两方面入手,以苏州阳澄湖半岛湿地公园为例,探讨湿地公园科普宣教规划设计的具体实施方案,其中,规划方面分为科普宣教布局、整体结构规划和循序渐进引导规划,形式方面主要分为博览展示、解说系统和参与体验,实施方案旨在提高人们对湿地和环境的保护意识,让更多的人积极参与到湿地保护工作中。     

雷州半岛红树林盐土的某些理化性质

红树林盐土是红树植被下的一类特殊土壤。雷州半岛红树林盐土各土层pH值为3.08 ~ 5.98,绝大多数低于4。土壤有机质平均含量为24.1 g/㎏,在土壤剖面中有机质含量分布没有规律性。土壤阳离子代换量为3.83 ~14.53 cmol/kg,平均6.94 cmo1/kg。土壤水溶性盐分7.6 ~ 42.1g/㎏,平均18.4 g/㎏,水溶性盐分有向下淋溶的趋势。土壤中<0.01 mm粒级含量一般>200 g/kg,土壤质地大多为中壤土类至中粘土类。     

The paradox of the conservation of an endangered fish species in a Mediterranean region under agricultural intensification

We studied the relative value of natural habitats, river and coastal wetlands, and artificial habitats, irrigation canal and ponds, for the conservation of an endangered fish, Iberian toothcarp, in its southernmost area of distribution, characterised by agricultural intensification. Our results show that the bulk of the population of the Iberian toothcarp is concentrated in irrigation ponds. Natural habitats sustained null or impoverished subpopulations, and individuals showed signs of low metabolic activity. This coincided with the relatively high habitat quality observed in ponds, particularly those with submerged aquatic vegetation, in contrast with the chronic eutrophication of the coastal lagoons. In spite of a generalised aggressive management in the irrigation system, featured by periodic vegetation clearance, desiccation and biocide treatment, the subpopulation of the Iberian toothcarp thrives in it probably thanks to adequate water quality and to an active path dynamics maintained by connectivity through the canal. Agro-environmental measures are discussed for the improvement of this species conservation in natural and artificial habitats.