Dall''s sheep responses to overflights by helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft

High rates of behavioural disruption caused by human activities could jeopardize the body condition and reproductive success of wildlife. I exposed Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) of the Yukon Territory to experimental overflights by a fixed-wing aircraft and a helicopter. Aircraft approaches that were more direct (as determined by the aircraft's elevation and horizontal distance from sheep) were more likely to elicit fleeing or to disrupt resting. Latency to resume feeding or resting after fixed-wing overflights was longer during more direct approaches. During indirect approaches by helicopters, sheep far from rocky slopes were much more likely to flee than sheep on rocky slopes. Sheep did not flee while nearby helicopters flew along the opposite side of a ridge, presumably because the obstructive cover buffered disturbing stimuli. Results provide preliminary parameters for predicting energetic and fitness costs incurred as a function of overflight rates, and can help mitigate disturbance by guiding temporal and spatial restrictions to aircraft.     

R44直升机飞防春尺蠖技术研究

使用R44直升机分别超低量喷洒虫螨腈、高效氯氰菊酯、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐防治春尺蠖,防治效果均在90%以上。R44直升机雾化效果好,喷洒覆盖率高,飞防作业效率高,适合于进行林业病虫害防治。     

高寒牧区应用现代化机械防控草原毛虫试验

通过采用直升飞机、无人机,AJ-401大型喷雾器绿色防控高寒牧区草原毛虫效果和地上生物量的比较分析,结果表明,通过先进的防治技术与绿色防控相结合,其防治效果显著,优良牧草和可食牧草产量提高,推广应用前景广阔。     

若尔盖飞播种草治理沙化草原成效显著

直升机飞播种草能提高草原植被盖度、高度和产草量,是大面积治理若尔盖沙化草原的一种有效措施。     

美国白蛾直升飞机防治中的雾滴分析及其对防治效果的影响

飞机防治是美国白蛾防控的最主要措施之一。为进一步明确飞行参数对林间雾滴密度分布和对美国白蛾幼虫防控效果的影响,该文通过检测、比较不同飞行方案下林间雾滴密度及雾滴穿透力等数据,发现航速和高度对林间喷幅、雾滴穿透力、雾滴密度、雾滴均匀度均产生显著影响。方案2(航速150 km/h,飞行高度40—45 m),地面喷幅宽度为59.35 m,高于方案1(航速120 km/h,飞行高度30—35 m)的地面喷幅宽度。飞行方案2的雾滴穿透性也相对较好,顶层、中层、下层雾滴密度相对均匀;而方案1不同高度雾滴密度差异相对较为显著,树冠顶层(高度11—12 m)雾滴密度较多,最高雾滴密度可达9.8/cm2,随高度降低,雾滴密度下降明显,到底层叶片位置(高度3 m)时,雾滴密度仅为2.07/cm2,下降了78.9%。观测试验表明,林间雾滴密度应高于5.093/cm2,防控效果才能确保达到90%。     

Amphibian responses to helicopter harvesting in forested floodplains of low order, blackwater streams

Amphibian surveys were conducted on helicopter-harvested and unharvested forested wetlands in southern Alabama during spring and autumn 1992 and 1993. Eight sites, two of which were harvested in March 1991, two in March 1993 and one unharvested control stand near to each harvested site, were surveyed using pitfall traps and hand collection searches. After harvest, numbers of individual amphibians encountered were briefly reduced but later stimulated by some harvest treatments. Numbers of species and species diversity followed the same trend. However, species composition was strongly affected by harvest. Salamander densities and diversity were reduced by harvesting while densities of select frog and toad species increased. Amphibian populations were also affected by environmental conditions during our survey times. In sum, these results show that amphibians can live in clearcut forested wetlands, although the composition of the community is likely to shift.