Acute and chronic effects of neem on Myzocallis coryli (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Abstract

Adults and immatures of the filbert aphid, Myzocallis coryli (Goetze), a major pest of hazelnuts worldwide, were exposed to foliage treated with different concentrations of a botanical insecticide, Margosan-O, derived from extract of neem seeds. Both mature and immature stages were highly sensitive to this compound. Acute toxicity causing immediate mortality of young nymphs, particularly at higher rates (50 ppm or more), and chronic effects resulting in reduced offspring production, lengthening of nymphal development time and reduced survival of subsequent generation were recorded. The offspring production of adult aphids fed on treated leaves was reduced in a dosage-dependent manner, nearly 50% at 2.5 ppm to over 80% at 62.5 ppm. However, no nymphal survival was recorded at 25 ppm or higher doses. A repellency effect was also recorded, butthe feeding deterrence response was weak at best. Field trials also showed a marked reduction of aphid numbers on treated foliage, suggesting the effectiveness of neem against this major pest of hazelnuts.     

榛实象甲的生物学特性及防治对策

分析了榛实象甲给我国榛子产业造成的危害,介绍了棒实象甲的形态特征和生活史,并有针对性地提出了化学药剂防治、人工捕杀、营林措施、生物防治等榛实象甲综合防治措施。     

榛仁乳的开菲尔粒发酵工艺

以开菲尔粒为发酵剂发酵榛仁乳.选择影响开菲尔品质的4个主要因素糖用量、接种量、发酵温度和发酵时间设计单因素和正交试验L9(34),以确定开菲尔榛仁乳发酵的最佳工艺条件.结果表明:糖用量、接种量、发酵温度、发酵时间对试验结果均有显著影响.最佳发酵条件为糖用量（2％乳糖+5％蔗糖）、接种量5％、发酵温度23℃、发酵时间15...     

平榛、欧榛及种间杂种过氧化物酶同工酶分析

为了阐明过氧化物(POD)同工酶在榛品种中的分布规律,探讨平榛、欧榛及其杂种榛之间的亲缘关系,选育优势杂交亲本,本试验采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直电泳,研究了34个榛品种(系)成熟叶过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶酶谱特征,结果表明：平榛、欧榛及其平欧杂种榛品种间酶谱具有较大差异;有的杂种品种遗失了父母本共有谱带P10;32个平欧杂种榛品种出现了双亲所不具有的新酶带,可作为鉴别杂种的一条途径。运用SAS软件的系统聚类类平均法,对34个品种进行聚类,分析聚类谱系图可知,大多数杂种榛与欧榛亲缘关系近而与平榛亲缘关系远,其中83-63、84-72和父本欧榛的亲缘关系最近,为优势回交亲本组合。     

平欧杂种榛过氧化物同工酶研究

本试验以62个平欧杂种榛品种(系)的新梢韧皮部为试材,利用聚丙烯酰胺垂直平板凝胶电泳,研究其过氧化物酶同工酶谱的特征。结果表明:平欧杂种榛韧皮部的过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱有3个区,共25条酶带,R f范围在0.087~0.557之间,多数品种(系)之间的谱带存在差异,部分品种(系)间酶带数量及强弱不同。62份资源的相似系数在0.5~1之间,距离系数在0~2.00之间。以距离系数1.6为标准,可将供试资源分为5大类。     

榛子良种选育技术研究

伊春林区野生榛林分布普遍,约20万hm2,年产野生榛子300余t。品质优良,在国内外享有盛誉。然而,小兴安岭伊春的榛子产量,至今仍依赖于野生榛林。其存在着产量低、虫口密度大的缺憾。因此,小兴安岭榛林丞待解决两个问题。一是良种选育;二是野生榛林改培。介绍了该项目初步研究的过程。     

平欧杂交榛引种初报

对引种的16个榛子品种(品系)物候期及生产习性进行了观察.结果表明:引种的榛子品种(品系)萌芽期在3月中旬,落叶期在10月下旬,整个生长发育期在240 d左右,越冬后无冻害及抽条的现象发现.     

Long-term perennial weed control strategies: Economic analyses and yield effect in hazelnut (Corylus avellana)

Weeds limit hazelnut productivity through competition and interference. Field experiments were conducted from spring 2010 through 2013 to evaluate string trimming alone or combined with herbicides in hazelnut orchards to control mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.), purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.), and burning nettle (Urtica urens L.). Treatments were mowing with a string trimmer (ST) alone, or ST followed by glyphosate, glyphosate + diflufenican, and glyphosate + carfentrazone-ethyl. These combinations also were applied with pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen as pre-emergence applications. The experiments were conducted in Fatsa-Ordu, Turkey, on a sandy clay soil with multi-stemmed trees (ocak). The combination treatments improved weed control compared to ST alone. Glyphosate plus carfentrazone-ethyl application 15 days after ST was the most effective treatment for control of these weeds. This combination was more effective in reducing seed bank reserves of A. vulgaris, C. rotundus and U. urens than herbicides applied alone or in mixtures throughout all seasons. Hazelnut yield was not significantly affected by herbicide treatments in 2010 or 2011. Hazelnut yield increased during the latter half of the experimental period, in 2012 and 2013. In a mixed population of A. vulgaris, C. rotundus and U. urens, 89 plants per m² caused 12.1% yield loss. When the density increased to 256 plants per m², yield losses increased to 29.7%. Hazelnut treated with ST followed by glyphosate plus carfentrazone-ethyl had the highest financial return. Post-emergence weed management systems in hazelnut should include ST followed by glyphosate plus carfentrazone-ethyl applications for maximum returns.     

榛子遗传多样性研究进展

榛子是营养价值和经济价值极高的干果(木本经济作物),在许多国家和地区广泛种植.现就榛属资源研究与保存,新品种选育及表型分析、同工酶酶谱分析、分子标记等手段在榛属遗传多样性研究中的进展进行综述,同时提出榛子遗传改良中存在的一些问题及解决对策.     

榛子果奶的研制及稳定性的研究

[目的]研究榛子果奶的配方及稳定性。[方法]以榛子仁汁、原奶为主要原料,白砂糖、榛子壳棕色素为辅料,通过单因素试验与正交试验优化果奶的配方,同时对榛子果奶的稳定性进行研究。[结果]试验表明,100 g榛子果奶中各成分的最佳添加量为:榛子仁汁6.5 g、原奶45.0 g、白砂糖6.0 g、榛子壳棕色素0.2 g、水42.3 g。在榛子果奶中添加蔗糖脂肪酸酯0.2%、单甘脂0.2%、羧甲基纤维素钠0.2%、黄原胶0.025%、卡拉胶0.05%,具有最佳的稳定效果。[结论]研究可为榛子的产业化开发利用提供可行的工艺及配方参考。