新营养健康资源:白背天葵的研究进展

本文介绍了白背天葵的基本概况,包括生物学特性、来源与分布、栽培种植技术,系统地综述了营养价值、活性物质组成及生物学功效,并从中医学理论对其药理作用进行了阐述。此外,全面分析了白背天葵的研发现状及存在的问题,并对其研究前景进行了相应的展望,以期为白背天葵的研发利用提供理论依据,为食品工业的发展提供新的动力。     

药用植物灵菊七的染色体核型研究

[目的]研究药用植物灵菊七(Gynura medica)的细胞染色体特点,并对其染色体核型进行分析。[方法]以灵菊七幼苗茎尖为材料,从上午6:30～10:30,每隔20 min取材一次,采用常规制片技术制片,显微镜观察中期分裂相细胞,对染色体完全分散开的细胞进行染色体计数及核型分析。[结果]在染色体分散良好的102个中期分裂相细胞中,有96.08%含20条染色体,3.92%含40条染色体;同时结果表明上午7:50～9:30取材较佳。[结论]G.medica为二倍体植物,体细胞含有10对染色体,核型公式为2n=2x=20 m,染色体核型属于1A型。该研究结果为国内首次报道。     

铺地柏挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

[目的]对铺地柏挥发性成分进行分析。[方法]采用同时蒸馏萃取法提取,用气相色谱质谱联用（GC-MS）法结合计算机谱图检索,对铺地柏挥发性化学成分进行分析鉴定。[结果]铺地柏挥发油提取率为0.68%,共鉴定出88种化合物,占分离物质的85.74%。主要成分为β-水芹烯（17.06%）、（-）-4-萜品醇（2.96%）、β-香茅醇（2.34%）、2-十一烷酮（8.35%）、3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯酸甲酯（5.87%）和α-杜松醇（4.07%）。[结论]该研究通过对铺地柏挥发性成分的研究,为铺地柏资源的进一步开发利用提供了试验依据。     

A DNA Probe for Rapid Screening of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Carrying Extra Chromosomes from Wild Beets of the Procumbentes Section

Genes from wild species of the Procumbentes section can be transferred to sugar beet chromosomes via translocations. Since large translocations, including for example a gene for nematode resistance, generally result in meiotic disturbances, there is a need to select new diploid resistant beets from progenies of monosomic wild beet addition lines. A dispersed repetitive DNA probe, which is closely correlated with the resistance gene and hybridizes exclusively with wild beet DNA, appears to be highly superior to selection based on isozyme markers. Characteristic ‘fingerprints’ on the available monosomic addition lines reveal the existence of at last 5 different chromosomes in the wild species each housing a gene for nematode resistance. This probe can be used advantageously to identify individuals carrying the intact or fragmented wild beet chromosomes, or even various amounts of translocated chromatin. Strategies are discussed for the identification of new translocation types using straightforward squash dot or Southern hybridization techniques in combination with the wild beet DNA probe.     

Chromosome localisation of genes for resistance to Heterodera schachtii, Cercospora beticola and Polymyxa betae using sets of Beta procumbens and B. patellaris derived monosomic additions in B. vulgaris

Beet cyst nematodes (BCN, Heterodera schachtii), Cercospora beticola, and rhizomania, caused by the beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) and vectored by the soil-borne fungus Polymyxa betae, are the most serious diseases of sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris). The wild Beta species of section Procumbentes are known to be completely resistant to H. schachtii, C. beticola and P. betae. Alien monosomic additions (2n=19), plants of cultivated beet (2n=18) carrying different individual chromosomes of B. procumbens (2n=18) or B. patellaris (2n=36), were tested in greenhouse experiments for resistance to these pathogens. Gene(s) conferring full resistance to the beet cyst nematode in B. patellaris are located on chromosome 1.1, and the other tested chromosomes of B. patellaris are not involved in the expression of resistance. Artificial inoculation under greenhouse conditions, with in vitro produced inoculum of C. beticola and spot-percentage rating of the disease intensity, showed that the high level of resistance that was observed in the wild species B. procumbens and B. patellaris was not found in any of the monosomic additions tested. It was suggested that genes on various chromosomes of the wild species are needed to express full resistance, and that the chromosomes of group 7 of B. patellaris and chromosome 7 of B. procumbens have the largest effect. The greenhouse tests for resistance to P. betae in B. patellaris derived monosomic additions showed that the addition families of group 4.1 have a strong partial resistance, while the addition families of group 8.1 appeared to be completely resistant to the pathogen. Resistance to P. betae in the two wild species as well as in the two resistant addition types did not exclude infection with BNYVV, but resulted in a considerable reduction of the virus concentration. It was concluded that resistance to the vector would complement virus resistance, and may provide a more effective and durable control of rhizomania. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

苄嘧磺隆与尿素混用对陌上菜吸收除草剂的影响

14C-苄嘧磺隆与尿素混用,处理后1h,陌上菜[Lindernia procumbens (Krock.) Philcox]植株的14C放射性计数达到高峰.然而,14C-苄嘧磺隆单用,陌上菜植株的14C放射性计数随时间延长而缓慢增加,直至48h仍显著低于1h的除草剂与尿素混和的14C放射性计数.处理后24h,14C-苄嘧磺隆在陌上菜植株中的分配以根系最高,茎次之,叶最低.14C-苄嘧磺隆+尿素浸根,促进陌上菜植株对除草剂的吸收,但涂抹叶片时,无论单用还是混用,陌上菜植株均不吸收除草剂.     

平铺白珠种子萌发特性研究

为提高平铺白珠的繁殖效率,以采集的平铺白珠‘极速贵族’种子为供试材料,测量种子形态、千粒重、吸水特性;并通过培养皿滤纸萌发法统计不同GA₃处理和温度处理下种子的发芽率;将无菌萌发所获幼苗与常规播种苗长势进行对比。结果表明,平铺白珠‘极速贵族’种子属小粒种子(千粒重(0.2995±0.0111) g),种子种皮薄且透水性良好。GA₃浸种时间、GA₃浸种浓度和温度三者间存在交互作用,其中GA₃浓度和温度是影响种子萌发的关键因子,浓度为1000 mg/L的GA₃溶液浸泡种子12～24 h,环境温度为白天25℃、夜晚15℃的条件有利于促进种子萌发,种子发芽率可达90%以上,显著高于对照(64.67%)。无菌苗长势要优于常规播种苗,无菌萌发1500 mg/L GA₃预处理种苗的平均株高(12.17 mm)和平均根长(18.15 mm)均高于常规播种苗的株高(9.65 mm)和根长(13.31 mm),培养基配方为WPM+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L ...     

白子菜提取物对急性痛风性关节炎大鼠模型抗炎作用的研究

目的 探讨白子菜提取物对急性痛风性关节炎大鼠模型抗炎作用。方法 将72只Wistar大鼠随机分为9组（每组8只）：空白组、模型组、秋水仙碱组、白子菜水提取物低、中、高剂量组、白子菜醇提取物低、中、高剂量组。造模5 h后开始连续灌药,7 d后取材,观察各组大鼠关节炎症情况,关节组织单位面积内炎症细胞计数及检测血清白介素-1β（interleukin-1 β,IL-1β）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumour necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）浓度。结果 中、高剂量白子菜提取物组与秋水仙碱组在足趾炎症情况显著低于模型组（P<0.05）。在淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞计数方面各药物组显著低于模型组（P<0.05）,各药物组间无明显差异（P>0.05）。秋水仙碱组TNF-α表达水平显著低于模型组（P<0.05）。秋水仙碱组及白子菜醇提取物中剂量组IL-1β表达水平显著低于模型组（P<0.05）。结论 秋水仙碱及中剂量白子菜醇提物对急性痛风性关节大鼠模型具有抗炎免疫作用。     

白子菜快速繁殖研究

[目的]探究白子菜组织培养最佳培养基配方实现其快速繁殖。[方法]研究不同培养基配方对白子菜组织培养过程中愈伤组织的产生、芽和根分化效果的影响。[结果]④MS＋BA 1.5 mg/L＋NAA 1.2 mg/L＋蔗糖30 g/L＋琼脂粉6 g/L为白子菜形成愈伤组织的最佳培养基;⑤花宝一号＋BA 0.1 mg/L＋NAA 0.4 mg/L＋蔗糖30 g/L＋琼脂粉6 g/L为诱导愈伤组织形成芽的最佳培养基;瑏瑢MS＋BA 1.5 mg/L＋NAA 1.2 mg/L＋蔗糖20 g/L＋活性炭1 g/L＋琼脂粉6 g/L为最佳生根培养基。[结论]活性炭对白子菜组织培养有影响,具有抑制愈伤组织形成和促进生根的作用。     

金鱼藤的组织培养和快速繁殖体系的建立

以金鱼藤(Asarina procumbens)叶柄为外植体,MS为基础培养基,进行组织培养和快速繁殖,研究不同浓度的植物生长调节剂对金鱼藤快繁体系建立的影响,建立了金鱼藤无性繁殖体系。结果表明,金鱼藤愈伤诱导的最佳培养基为MS+2.0mg/L6-BA+1.0mg/L NAA;不定芽分化最佳培养基为MS+1.5mg/L6-BA+(0.3~0.5)mg/LNAA+0.3mg/L KT;丛生芽诱导的最适培养基为MS+2.0mg/L6-BA+0.2mg/L NAA,最佳生根培养基为MS培养基。