Threats to at-risk salmonids of the Canadian Rocky Mountain region

Trout and charr, members of the salmonid family, have high conservation value but are also susceptible to anthropogenic threats in part due to the specificity of their habitat requirements. Understanding historical and future threats facing these species is necessary to promote their recovery. Of freshwater trout and charr in the Canadian Rocky Mountain region, westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi), bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus; a charr species) and Athabasca rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are of conservation concern. And indeed, range contractions and declining populations are evident throughout much of their ranges. Range contraction was most evident in the southern Alberta designatable unit (DU) of westslope cutthroat trout. Diminished populations were also evident in the downstream watersheds of the Alberta bull trout range, and throughout the Athabasca rainbow trout range. We assessed historical and future threats to evaluate the relative importance of individual threats to each DU and compare their impact among species. Individual threats fall into the broad categories of angling, non-native species and genes, habitat loss and alteration, and climate change. Severity of each threat varies by DU and reflects the interaction between species’ biology and the location of the DU. Severity of threats facing each DU has changed over time, reflecting extirpation of native populations, changes in management and industry best practices, expansion of non-native species and progressing climate change. The overall threat impact for each DU indicates a high probability of substantial and continuing declines and calls for immediate action.     

圈养华南虎血液生化指标正常参考值初步研究

以国内部分圈养的健康华南虎Panthera tigris amoyensis作为研究对象,通过收集华南虎血液生化报告和采集华南虎血液样本检测建立样本数据,血样检测采用自动血液生化分析仪干式试剂片生化技术测定,测定血液生化指标包括血糖(GLU)、总蛋白(TP)、总胆固醇(CHOL)、总胆红素(TBIL)、肌酐(CREA)等。得到华南虎血液生化共38项指标的正常参考值范围(95%概率),其中几项主要指标正常值范围如下:GLU(2.82-11.55)mmol/L、TP(56.58-85.93)g/L、CHOL(3.32-8.66)μmol/L、TBIL(0-5.30)μmol/L、CREA(52-349)μmol/L等。统计结果显示,雌雄华南虎间血液生化指标的部分项目有差异(P <0.05),幼龄组和成年组间各项生化指标差异不显著(P >0.05),与其他虎亚种相关血液生化报道的生化指标部分有差别。华南虎血液生化指标正常参考值范围不同于其他虎亚种,建立华南虎血液生化指标正常值对华南虎的饲养管理、疾病诊治预防和保育繁殖研究工作有重要作用。     

寨卡病毒SYBR GreenⅠreal-time PCR方法的建立及应用

为建立一种针对寨卡病毒的快速诊断方法,本研究根据寨卡病毒的3’端保守基因序列,设计合成1对引物,建立了检测寨卡病毒的荧光定量PCR方法。结果显示:所建立的检测方法的Ct值与标准品在1.41×10^1~1.41×10^10^ copies/μL具有良好的线性关系,相关性为1,斜率为-3.502;灵敏性结果显示,该方法的检测限度为1.41×10^1 copies/μL,是普通PCR的10000倍;特异性结果显示,对CHIKV、DENV和JEV无特异性扩增,特异性强;重复性试验结果显示,组内和组间变异系数均小于1%,重复性好。本研究建立的SYBR Green I real-time PCR检测方法,可用于寨卡病毒感染的快速诊断。     

Spatiotemporal patterns of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) in response to a restoration of longitudinal connectivity

To examine the role of longitudinal connectivity on the spatial and temporal dynamics of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni), we quantified movement and population dynamics following installation of the Landsburg Dam fishway, Cedar River, WA, USA. Mountain whitefish is widely distributed, poorly studied and not the focus of restoration. Before the fishway, mountain whitefish were not observed above the dam. Here, we focus on snorkel counts collected at reach and mesohabitat (e.g. pools) scales over 11 summers on the 20‐km above‐dam segment following restoration. A camera within the ladder provided number, size and movement timing, thereby informing on behaviour and recolonisation. Segment‐scale abundance increased following fish passage reaching an asymptote in 7 years, and mountain whitefish were detected throughout the main stem in 10 years. Annual movement through the ladder increased over time and was positively correlated with instream abundance and discharge, but negatively correlated with water temperature. About 60% of fish movements occurred in spring and early summer, potentially for foraging opportunities. Reach‐scale abundance peaked between 7 and 10 km from the dam; deep, cool (~10.6 to 11.6°C) conditions characterised these reaches. At the mesohabitat scale, mountain whitefish detection increased with depth and velocity after accounting for distance from the dam. Our results show how restoring longitudinal connectivity allowed this nontarget species to colonise newly available habitat. Their response supports the critical roles of longitudinal connectivity and environmental conditions, that manifest at different spatial scales, in dictating how freshwater fish respond to habitat disturbance.     

我国中央山系东段演化及其对黄河河道及东平湖的影响

根据2603a有史记载以来黄河河道变迁和春秋以来东平湖演变历史，本文提出我国中央山系东段碰撞和松弛导致的地势上升和下降是影响黄河河道变迁和东平湖演变的重要因素。山系碰撞上升造成黄河河道向北西迁移，东平湖湿地北漫；山系松弛下降导致黄河河道向东南迁移，东平湖南泛。     

承德山地无公害绿色果品生产技术

根据无公害绿色果品的生产要求,结合承德山地果园特点,提出了承德山地生产无公害绿色果品的配套技术,以期指导当地果品生产.     

河北山地森林的特点、地位和发展对策

河北的山地在植被上属于落叶阔叶林地带。河北山地的森林具有立地生产力较低，人工林和天然林年龄小，多与农田、果园和牧地等交叉分布的特点。河北的山地森林在改善山区的生态环境、维持生物多样性、供应城乡居民所需的用材和烧柴及果品、为人民提供游乐活动场所等方面起着重要的作用。河北山地森林应该遵循的发展方针是：要把山区的水土保持和生态环境建设列在首位；要以林为主，协调发展农、果、林、牧的关系；在培养森林上，要采取封山育林和人工造林并重的政策；要把经济林的发展和其他林种结合起来，重视自然保护区森林公园的建设。     

山区农业机械化问题的探讨

从发展山区农业机械化的必要性出发，在分析我国山区地理、经济、文化等特点的基础上，明确了山区发展农业机械化可能出现的阻力并对这些问题的对策进行了探讨。     

青饲牧草地化学除草试验报告

对６种青饲牧草用７种除草剂进行除草试验。证明播后苗前墨西哥类玉米用４０％阿特拉津胶悬剂０．９０ｋｇ（ａｉ）／ｈｍ＾２；Ｍ－８１Ｅ饲用高粱与串叶松香草适宜用６０％丁草胺乳油０．９０ｋｇ（ａｉ）／ｈｍ＾２；苏丹草适宜用６０％丁草胺乳油０．９０ｋｇ９ａｉ）／ｈｍ＾２与２５％绿麦隆可湿性粉剂０．９４ｋｇ（ａｉ）／ｈｍ＾２，紫苏用１２％恶草灵乳油０．２７ｋｇ（ａｉ）／ｈｍ＾２与８４％ｃｈｉｎｃｈ乳油１．８９     

宿主域扩大的苜蓿尺蠖核多角体杂交型病毒

将家蚕核型多角体病毒 (BombyxmoriNuclearPolyhedrosisVirus,BmNPV)的解链酶基因DNA和苜蓿尺蠖核型多角体病毒 (AutographacalifonicaMultipleNuclearPolyhedrosisVirus,AcMNPV)的基因组DNA共转染到秋粘虫细胞系Sf 2 1,经过累代的筛选获得既能感染家蚕细胞 ,又能感染秋粘虫细胞的宿主域扩大的杂交型病毒HyNPV。