青海省祁连圆柏天然林单木生物量模型构建

利用祁连圆柏整株生物量与生长指标数据，为估算祁连圆柏林的生物量估算提供参考。通过野外调查，共获取了63株祁连圆柏天然林样木生物量与生长指标实测数据。用其中50株样木数据进行回归模拟，用其余的13株样木数据对模型可靠性进行检验，构建器官生物量与生长指标间的回归模型。结果表明，祁连圆柏单木水平下，树干生物量模型的R²_adj为0.96，均方根、模型有效性和残差系数分别为0.50、0.85和0.05；枝条生物量模型的R²_adj为0.897，均方根、模型有效性和残差系数分别为0.69、0.80和-0.66；叶生物量模型的R²_adj为0.61，均方根、模型有效性和残差系数分别为0.54、0.86和0.15；根生物量模型的R²_adj为0.93，均方根、模型有效性和残差系数分别为0.12、0.997 和-0.01。在调查数据范围内构建的模型较好地反映了祁连圆柏生物量与生长指标间的关系，形式简单、使用方便；与实测值相比，树干与叶生物量模拟值偏小，枝和根偏大。     

春小麦优良变异类型的选择参数—协调指数

用分形理论的思想 ,对小麦分离与不分离群体内各单株性状组合特征进行系统分析 ,在不改变性状表达程度与群体分布状态的前提下 ,根据各单株的每一性状占各自群体最大值的比例数 ,及各比例数大小序号 ,求二者间双对数的回归斜率 ,作为该单株性状组合的协调指数。结果表明 ,该指数小 ,表示本单株各性状在表达程度上接近 ,说明性状间关系比较协调 ,否则即不协调。     

优质晚熟桃新品种‘美帅’

 ‘美帅’是‘大久保’和‘90-1’ (‘八月脆’ ב京玉’) 杂交育成的优质晚熟桃新品种。果实圆形, 平均单果质量275 g, 果面60% ～80%着鲜红色, 外观美丽。可溶性固形物含量12.6%。风味甜, 鲜食品质佳。果实8月中旬成熟, 丰产性强。     

大果型鲜食枣新品种‘大白铃’

 ‘大白铃’为大果型鲜食枣优良新品种。果实特大, 平均单果质量24. 5 ~ 25. 9 g, 最大80 g,整齐, 外形美观, 品质优良。早实, 丰产, 抗逆性强。     

Movement rules for juvenile steelhead: dynamic linking of movement behaviour to habitat and density

We incorporated explanatory factors including stream habitat type and fish density into individual‐based models with dynamic connections among adjacent habitat units to infer dispersal behaviour of juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss in a Great Lakes watershed. We used mark–recapture data and an inverse modelling approach to estimate daily probability of steelhead moving out of a habitat unit, P(move), according to four competing models. The models used included (i) a null model where all fish had equal movement probability; (ii) a habitat‐dependent model where P(move) depended on the habitat type; (iii) a density‐dependent model of P(move); and (iv) a model where P(move) depended on both density and habitat type. The habitat‐dependent model provided the most parsimonious fit to the observed data according to Akaike's information criteria (AICc). In the null model, P(move) averaged 0.70, whereas P(move) averaged 0.75 in pools, 0.68 in riffles and 0.73 in runs in the habitat‐dependent model.     

基于总分馆制的县—乡（村）图书馆服务网络构建

介绍了当前我国基层公共图书馆的发展状况,提出了构建基于总分馆制的县—乡（村）图书馆服务网络的构思,并对构建服务网络中的一些问题给出自己的思考。     

An investigation of links between metabolic rate and feed efficiency in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax

Feed efficiency (FE) is the amount of body weight gain for a given feed intake. Improving FE through selective breeding is key for sustainable finfish aquaculture but its evaluation at individual level is technically challenging. We therefore investigated whether individual routine metabolic rate (RMR) was a predictor of individual FE in the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax, a major species in European mariculture. The European sea bass has three genetically distinct populations across its geographical range, namely Atlantic (AT), West Mediterranean (WM), and East Mediterranean (EM). We compared FE and RMR of fish from these three populations at 18 or 24 °C. We held 200 fish (62 AT, 66 WM, and 72 EM) in individual aquaria and fed them from ad libitum down to fasting. FI was assessed for an ad libitum feeding rate and for a fixed restricted ration (1% of metabolic body weight·day⁻¹, with metabolic body weight = body weight^0.8). After being refed 12 wk in a common tank, individual RMR was measured over 36 h by intermittent flow respirometry. There was a significant effect of temperature whereby fish at 18 °C had greater mean FE (P < 0.05) and lower RMR (P < 0.001). There was also a significant effect of population, where AT fish had lower FE (P < 0.05) and greater RMR (P < 0.001) than WM and EM, at both temperatures. Despite these differences in temperature and population means, individual FE and RMR were not significantly correlated (P > 0.05). Therefore, although the results provide evidence of an association between metabolic rate and FE, RMR was not a predictor of individual FE, for reasons that require further investigation.     

计算机视觉技术在智慧羊场中的研究进展

智慧羊场具有科学化、标准化管理的优点,是羊场转型发展的趋势。计算机视觉技术是人工智能的核心,可以实现非接触性、自动化、实时监测羊的个体信息。本文总结并分析了计算机视觉在羊场的个体识别方法、行为识别方法、体尺与体重估测、疾病监测的研究现状,并指出计算机视觉在智慧羊场的进一步发展趋势。 [关键词] 计算机视觉|智慧羊场|个体识别|行为识别|体尺与体重估测|疾病监测     

基于DOM航空影像单木树冠提取

准确提取单木树冠边界是获取森林数量参数的重要基础,是高分辨率遥感图像林业应用的技术难题。基于DOM航空影像数据源,采用面向对象的方法对研究区内的2个树种的林分进行了单木树冠边界提取研究。首先利用桉树和杉木的空间分布矢量数据对DOM航空影像进行掩膜处理,在掩膜区域内进行多层次多尺度图像分割得到初步树冠分割结果,并剔除非树冠信息;再以树冠信息种子对象为基础,使用区域增长算法对树冠信息种子对象增长得到单木树冠范围;最后使用形态学滤波的方法优化单木树冠边界,完成林区内桉树和杉木两类树种的单木树冠边界提取。结果表明,由于不同树种的树冠存在尺度和形态差异,进行单木树冠分割时需要设置不同的参数才能到达较好的分割效果。本研究中桉树和杉木的单木树冠提取总体精度分别为86.75%与89.21%,可满足林业部门获取森林单木树冠的精度需求。     

基于非接触式的牛只身份识别研究进展与展望

快速精准确定牛个体身份对疾病防控、品种遗传改良、奶制品和肉制品质量溯源以及改善农业假保险索赔等方面具有重要意义。传统的牛个体识别使用诸如烙印、耳纹、耳标和无线射频识别等方法,易遭受设备损失/工作重复、标记欺诈、动物福利安全以及监测成本和距离等方面的挑战;而基于生物特征的非接触识别由于其独特性、不变性、低成本易操作以及动物福利高,成为牛身份识别的新趋势。主要介绍了几种基于非接触式的牛身份识别的研究进展,重点关注牛脸识别的最新成果,讨论当前牛脸识别在实际应用中面临的挑战,在此基础上对深度学习在牛脸身份识别研究中的应用进行了设计构思与展望。