云南醉鱼草属(Buddleja L.) 观赏植物资源的调查研究

 在对云南分布的醉鱼草属观赏资源系统调查和资料整理的基础上, 研究了该属植物在云南的地理分布规律及25 种(包括变种) 醉鱼草的观赏性状, 包括花、叶、香气等观赏特征及其开花期, 指出开发利用面对的问题和应采取的措施。     

云南金丝桃属植物资源的调查研究

 通过对云南分布的金丝桃属植物资源系统调查和资料整理，研究了该属植物在云南的地理分布及24种金丝桃的观赏性状及其资源状况，提出其持续合理开发利用的建议及措施。     

外源蔗糖对离体条件下换锦花小鳞茎发生的影响

从形态学、组织细胞学、生理生化水平、分子水平等多层面探究外源蔗糖浓度对换锦花（Lycoris sprengeri）离体小鳞茎发生的影响。结果表明，MS培养基中外源蔗糖缺失时，离体换锦花鳞茎无法产生小鳞茎，蔗糖浓度为30 或60 g ? L-1时小鳞茎正常发生，但对小鳞茎发生数量影响不大。鳞片内的蔗糖及可溶性糖含量在腋芽形成前不断积累，且鳞片基部淀粉粒的积累为此处小鳞茎的发生提供物质基础。蔗糖促进了茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）在植物体内的积累，抑制了LsWIP1、LsERS2和LsEIN2基因表达量的异常上升，表明蔗糖可能作为信号分子启动了相关损伤保护机制，并促进了小鳞茎的发生。     

烟属野生种主要植物学性状及黑胫病抗性评价

鉴定了烟属植物野生种生育期等植物学性状特性,评价了供试材料对黑胫病(0号及1号生理小种)的抗性,为开展远缘杂交花期相遇及亲本选配提供了基础数据。在玻璃温室内,本研究针对66份烟属植物野生种的生育期等7个植物学性状的调查,检测了烟碱及钾含量,并对黑胫病(0号及1号生理小种)抗性进行了评价。结果表明:供试材料播种到开花时间(DF)为35.00~357.00 d,平均121.67 d;种子千粒重(TSW)为0.02~0.20 g,平均0.09 g;株高(PH)为11.20~292.75 cm,平均119.19 cm;花冠长度(CL)为1.22~11.50 cm,平均3.98 cm;花冠直径(CD)0.67~7.80 cm,平均2.37 cm;最大叶长(MLL)为6.79~61.15 cm,平均25.17 cm;最大叶宽(MLW)为0.65~35.51 cm,平均11.84 cm。烟碱含量为0.03%~1.81%,平均0.34%;钾含量为0.32%~7.11%,平均3.56%。筛选到N.alata PI42334等11份资源同时抗黑胫病0及1号生理小种。     

石蒜小孢子发生与雄配子体形成

报道了石蒜(Lycoris radiataHerb.)小孢子和雄配子体的发生发育。花药由4个花粉囊组成,花粉囊壁包括表皮、药室内壁、中层与绒毡层。小孢子母细胞减数分裂后胞质分裂为连续型。小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程存在滞后染色体、染色体桥、染色体片段和微核等现象。成熟花粉粒具有二核、三核和营养细胞中存在二核等异常现象。减数分裂异常和绒毡层细胞延迟退化是导致花粉败育的主要因素。     

Identification of Rosellinia species as producers of cyclodepsipeptide PF1022 A and resurrection of the genus Dematophora as inferred from polythetic taxonomy

Rosellinia (Xylariaceae) is a large, cosmopolitan genus comprising over 130 species that have been defined based mainly on the morphology of their sexual morphs. The genus comprises both lignicolous and saprotrophic species that are frequently isolated as endophytes from healthy host plants, and important plant pathogens. In order to evaluate the utility of molecular phylogeny and secondary metabolite profiling to achieve a better basis for their classification, a set of strains was selected for a multi-locus phylogeny inferred from a combination of the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the large subunit (LSU) of the nuclear rDNA, beta-tubulin (TUB2) and the second largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II (RPB2). Concurrently, various strains were surveyed for production of secondary metabolites. Metabolite profiling relied on methods with high performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD/MS) as well as preparative isolation of the major components after re-fermentation followed by structure elucidation using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). Two new and nine known isopimarane diterpenoids were identified during our mycochemical studies of two selected Dematophora strains and the metabolites were tested for biological activity. In addition, the nematicidal cyclodepsipeptide PF1022 A was purified and identified from a culture of Rosellinia corticium, which is the first time that this endophyte-derived drug precursor has been identified unambiguously from an ascospore-derived isolate of a Rosellinia species. While the results of this first HPLC profiling were largely inconclusive regarding the utility of secondary metabolites as genus-specific chemotaxonomic markers, the phylogeny clearly showed that species featuring a dematophora-like asexual morph were included in a well-defined clade, for which the genus Dematophora is resurrected. Dematophora now comprises all previously known important plant pathogens in the genus such as D. arcuata, D. bunodes, D. necatrix and D. pepo, while Rosellinia s. str. comprises those species that are known to have a geniculosporium-like or nodulisporium-like asexual morph, or where the asexual morph remains unknown. The extensive morphological studies of L.E. Petrini served as a basis to transfer several further species from Rosellinia to Dematophora, based on the morphology of their asexual morphs. However, most species of Rosellinia and allies still need to be recollected in fresh state, cultured, and studied for their morphology and their phylogenetic affinities before the infrageneric relationships can be clarified.     

油用山茶属植物育种与利用研究进展

山茶油是我国南方地区特有的木本油料树种,有非常悠久的栽培历史.文章综述了油用山茶属植物良种选育的研究现状,包括常规育种、杂交育种及分子辅助育种,并对油茶的营养成分、油茶油的加工工艺和油茶副产品的综合利用的现状作了概述.最后展望了非食用山茶植物油作为生物能源开发的前景.     

IBA·NAA对石蒜·换锦花鳞片扦插繁殖技术的研究

[目的]筛选石蒜扦插繁殖的激素配方和浓度,为石蒜冬季扦插生产提供基础资料。[方法]以IBA和NAA的4种不同的激素浓度组合成16种激素配方,对石蒜、换锦花鳞片扦插繁殖进行研究。[结果]不同浓度的NAA和IBA溶液对石蒜、换锦花的增殖系数、鳞茎均重和平均生根数有一定的影响,综合考虑,NAA和IBA混合溶液以浓度25～50 mg/L较为理想;石蒜在扦插过程中能够获得较高的增殖系数,而小鳞茎的均重较低。[结论]石蒜（L.radiata）和换锦花（L.sprengeri）冬季扦插生产是可行的。     

落羽杉中山杉系列新品种选育初报

报道了落羽杉属(Taxodium)中山杉系列‘Zhongshansha’杂交新品种选育结果。以经国家林木良种审定委员会审定推广的优良品种中山杉302‘Zhongshansha302’为母本,与父本墨西哥落羽杉(T.mucronatum)回交,获得回交代杂种200个以上。通过苗期实生初选和无性系复选以及不同立地的栽植试验,初选出优于或相似于亲本中山杉302的系列新品种中山杉1号、9号、24号、27号、46号、86号、91号、102号、118号、136号、146号、149号等12个。其中中山杉1号、24号、27号、86号、102号、118号、136号、146号具有一定的耐盐碱能力,可在池杉(T.ascen-dens)、落羽杉(T.distichum)不宜栽植的盐碱地上绿化造林。     

红花石蒜的组织培养

选用双鳞片法切割红花石蒜鳞茎为外植体,采用MS基本培养基,以两种植物生长调节剂NAA和6-BA不同浓度配伍,研究了不同消毒时间和不同激素浓度对小植株诱导和不定芽诱导的影响。结果表明:利用0.1%升汞溶液浸泡石蒜鳞茎10~15min消毒效果最好;MS+2mg/L 6-BA+0.2mg/L NAA是小植株诱导的最佳培养基;MS+NAA 2mg/L+6-BA2mg/L是不定芽诱导的最佳培养基;MS+2mg/L NAA对于小鳞茎的生根效果最好。