应用极大似然法分析小麦穗长的遗传

采用质量—数量性状遗传的极大似然分析方法,对长穗小麦品系93(220)的主茎穗长进行了质量—数量遗传模型测验和主、微基因效应与变异估计。结果表明:长穗小麦新品系93(220)的主茎穗长为一典型的质量—数量性状,由一个主基因和若干微基因共同控制;一对隐性主基因控制穗长,附合加性——显性遗传模型,F1代表现为部分显性,隐性主基因增加主茎穗长的效应平均为1.47,微基因遗传效应为2.83cm,隐性主基因个体主茎穗长表现为长穗。     

The genetic susceptibility of HLA-DRB1 alleles in esophageal neoplasm of Hubei Han Chinese

AIM: To probe into the genetic susceptibility of HLA-DRB1 alleles to esophageal neoplasm in Hubei Han Chinese. METHODS: HLA-DRB1 gene polymorphism in 42 patients with esophageal neoplasm and 136 normal control subjects was studied by PCR and sequence. RESULTS: Allele frequency of HLA-DRB1 *0901 allele was significantly higher in esophageal cancer patients than those in normal controls(0.2500 vs 0.1397, P =0.028; the odds ratiO².053; etiologic fraction 0.1282).There were no association between the rested HLA-DRB1 alleles with patients. CONCLUSION: Individuals carrying HLA-DRB1 *0901 may be susceptible to esophagealo carcinoma, its nucleotide sepuence approachs to the corresponded allele sequence(exoN²)published in GenBank.     

Early and 24 h post-mortem thigh (ilio tibialis) muscle metabolism and meat quality in two genetic types of turkeys and their reciprocal crosses,raised under semi-confined conditions

1. The experiment was conducted in order to determine the effect of the direction of turkey crossing on quality traits of their thigh muscle.

2. In total, 1358 turkeys of slow- (SG) and fast-growing (FG) lines as well as SF crosses (SG × FG) and FS crosses (FG × SG) were reared with access to free range to 21 weeks of age in the case of males and 15 weeks of age in the case of hens.

3. After slaughter of 15 males and 15 hens from each genetic line, their thigh muscles were examined and the following traits were measured after 5-min, 45-min, 2-h and 24-h post-mortem: temperature, pH, glycogen content (G), lactate content (L) and electrical conductivity (EC). Quality attributes were evaluated based on chemical composition, water holding capacity, cooking loss (%) and colour.

4. The rate of post-mortem changes in temperature, G, L and pH in muscles differed among the 4 lines of turkeys, with the highest metabolic rate determined for muscles of SG turkeys, followed by muscles of SF, FS and FG birds. A more beneficial muscle water holding capacity of both sexes of turkeys and better results of cooking loss in male muscles were found in SG and SF turkeys. The thigh muscles of the crosses were characterised by a higher content of protein and a lower content of fat compared to the muscles of FG turkeys, and in the case of the males also by a higher protein content compared to the muscles of SG birds.

5. Owing to the faster post-mortem metabolism, better water holding capacity, lower cooking loss and fat content at a similar content of protein, the thigh muscles of SF crosses raised in the free range system represent a better quality of meat for consumers compared to the thigh muscles of FS turkeys.     

Insular pest control within a metapopulation context

Introduced pests threaten many species and their control is generally beneficial for conservation, particularly on islands where complete eradication is possible. Unfortunately on ‘nearshore’ islands neighbouring source populations exist and unaided reinvasion is likely. Pest control programmes at these sites thus require a metapopulation context to adequately manage movements between source and sink populations. We investigated the ecology of introduced ship rats (Rattus rattus) on a nearshore island, and gene flow with adjacent mainland populations, in order to understand the metapopulation dynamics and relative levels of pest control required within the landscape. We sampled the entire population by trapping (n = 30), achieving eradication, and found a low rat density (3.2 ha⁻¹) indicative of a sink population. Seed and other plant material constituted the major dietary component of rats. Despite its proximity to mainland source populations, the island population was genetically distinct with reduced allelic diversity caused by a recent reinvasion founder effect. Genetic analyses also detected recent migrants between the populations. In contrast, two mainland populations separated by a similar distance displayed complete genetic mixing. The small water gap therefore provides a sufficient barrier to lower the migration rate to the island and delay reinvasion, which nonetheless eventually happens. In order to maintain nearshore islands pest-free, conservation management will require a metapopulation approach simultaneously focusing on both island and source population pest control.     

转甘蔗pepc基因籼稻恢复系N175的遗传学分析

磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPCase)是C4双羧酸循环途径中CO2固定初始反应的一种酶,在该酶作用下,C4植物的光合速率,特别是在强光高温条件下,明显高于C3植物.甘蔗属于禾本科甘蔗属,为C4作物之一.本研究对转甘蔗pepc基因水稻恢复系N175的转基因后代进行遗传学分析,Southern blot检测结果表明,甘蔗pepc基因已经整合到水稻恢复系N175基因组中,在一些转基因株系中,甘蔗pepc基因以单拷贝的方式整合到杂交水稻恢复系N175的基因组中.对转甘蔗pepc基因的水稻恢复系N175株系进行光合效率分析,结果表明转基因株系的光合效率显著高于非转基因对照.在转基因株系中,最高的光合效率为26.50μmol·m-2·s-1,与非转基因对照相比,光合效率提高了106%,说明甘蔗的pepc基因在一定程度上可以提高转基因水稻的光合效率.     

遗传学课程教学改革与实践

通过合理构建课程教学内容,综合运用多种教学方法,加强实验教学环节,创建网络教学平台,尝试双语教学,改革考核方式等一系列的教学改革,旨在提高基遗传学教学质量,从而培养更多高素质专业人才。     

黄河鲤鱼研究进展

在搜集和查阅文献资料的基础上,比较了黄河鲤鱼与普通鲤鱼的异同。从分类地位及形态特征、遗传学研究、生理生化研究、人工养殖研究等方面对黄河鲤鱼的研究进展进行了综述。     

遗传学实验教材存在的问题及改革实践

基于目前遗传学实验教材一般存在背景知识介绍过于简单且陈旧、操作指导介绍过于笼统等不足,杨大祥在《遗传学实验》编写和修订时作了一些创新：注重实验背景知识、研究思路的介绍及实验结果的解释;注重学生科研基本功的训练;通过课后练习引申实验内容,让学生关注相关技术在实践中的应用等等,以此激发学生探索、发现的兴趣。     

浅谈遗传学课程本科教学思考与体会

遗传学已成为众多高等教育院校生物类专业本科生重要的必修或选修课程,但是由于该课程理论性较强、前沿知识和技术发展迅速、内容广、难点多,本科生在学习过程中往往觉得难度大、缺乏主观能动性;本文针对目前遗传学课程本科教学中存在的问题,探讨遗传学课程教学改革的措施,以期建立合理完善的课程体系、制定合理的教学方法,提高遗传学课程的教学质量。