水载型木材防腐剂中有效成分固着的影响因素

水载型木材防腐剂在木材防腐市场中占据着主导地位,然而其中的有效成分的抗水流失性差是其存在的主要缺点,这在很大程度上是由于防腐处理材在使用前防腐剂有效成分与木材成分之间的固着反应不充分而造成的,因此提高防腐有效成分在处理材中的固着质量是提高抗流失性的关键.笔者对国内外在水载型防腐剂中有效成分固着方面的研究进行了较为系统、全面的介绍,其中包括木材树种、固着的环境温度与相对湿度、固着时间、木材含水率、防腐剂的保持量、防腐剂成分组成等不同因素的影响,并在此基础上提出了今后的研究方向.     

Structural characteristics of cell walls of kenaf (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hibiscus cannabinus </Emphasis>L.) and fixation of carbon dioxide

 Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) plants are widely known for their contribution to the global and regional environment because of their ability to fix CO₂. On the other hand, some scientists have doubts about CO₂ fixation by kenaf and have misgivings about the effect of kenaf on the ecosystem. We have characterized the structural characteristics of cell walls of bast fibers, cores, roots, and leaves of kenaf during the maturation of plants and investigated the rate of photosynthesis. During maturation of the kenaf plant the cellulose (bast fiber 52–59%, core 44–46%) and lignin (bast fiber 9.3–13.2%, core 18.3–23.2%) contents increased significantly. The aromatic composition of the lignin of bast fiber was significantly different from that of the core lignin and of other plants. The lignin of bast fiber appears similar to pure syringyl lignin. Fixation of CO₂ by kenaf plants and their contribution to the global environment are discussed. A significatly high rate of photosynthesis of kenaf plants was observed compared to that of woody plants in Japan, but the amount of CO₂ fixation depends on the characteristics of the plantation. If the kenaf was planted in high density, about twice as much CO₂ was fixed as was fixed by trees in a tropical rain forest. Received: April 22, 2002 / Accepted: July 24, 2002 Acknowledgments This project was supported by the Science and Technology Agency (STA) fellowship of the Japan International Science and Technology Exchange Center (JISTEC), which has been successfully applied by Dr. Shuji Hosoya, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute. We thank Dr. Toshio Sumizono and Mr. Masao Sakurai, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, for their kind help in determining the rate of photosynthesis and cultivating the kenaf plants, respectively. We also express our appreciation to Dr. Quang Hung Le, College of Agriculture and Forestry, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam for offering information about the cultivation of kenaf at Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City.     

土壤氮素矿化与固定及其影响因素的研究

土壤有机氮占表土总氮的90%以上。有机氮的矿化和分解是提高氮素利用率的关键。掌握土壤中有机氮的矿化与固定问题,对探讨减少土壤氮素损失和提高氮素利用率具有重要的理论指导意义。本文简述了有机氮矿化、矿化氮的固定及矿化与固定的影响因素,展望有机氮矿化研究中存在的问题,以期丰富人们对氮素利用的认识,为合理调控土壤肥力、优化土壤氮施用提供理论依据。     

固氮基因nifHDK启动子的功能在大肠杆菌中的验证

近年来,在对肺炎克氏杆菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)nifA产物研究的基础上已建立了固氮基因调控的模型。固氮基因(nif)的表达受氮调节系统ntr和nifAL操纵子的两个系统的调控。本实验将固氮基因nifHDK启动子、aphA-6基因和rbcL3’构建aphA-6基因表达盒,克隆到pSK.KmR载体,将其转入到大肠杆菌中验证nifHDK启动子的表达活性。结果表明,只有在转入外源nifA基因时,nifHDK启动子才具有转录活性,aphA-6基因才能表达。验证了NifA蛋白和σ54因子是固氮基因的正向调节蛋白,为下一步固氮生物工程研究提供了理论基础。     

有机肥对石灰性土壤中锌,锰生物有效性的影响

本研究发现，有机肥猪粪，牛粪和腐熟玉米秸秆具有一定的提供锌、锰能力；石灰性土壤施有机肥能显著提高土壤锌锰的有效性；有机肥对土壤中锌、锰具有一定的活力能力；锌肥与有机肥配施可降低土壤对锌肥的固定能力，提高锌肥的利用率。     

多肉植物塑化标本制作研究

本文从“永生花”的存在提出“永生多肉”的想法，既保存其鲜活性，又不让它丧失独特的肉感美，本研究探讨了多肉植物固色、塑化和环氧树脂AB胶包埋的工艺，建立了适合多肉植物的标本制作方法。主要不同叶片厚度的多肉植物利用硫酸铜溶液浸泡法及干燥法进行固色，结果显示10%硫酸铜溶液固色96h，对叶片中、厚型绿色多肉效果最佳，硅胶干燥法适合叶片薄型多肉植物。按25%-50%-75%-100%的浓度梯度PEG200脱水塑化，每个浓度24h，效果最好。最后以环氧树脂AB胶结合UV胶进行定型包埋。     

Effects of physicochemical interactions and microbial activity on the persistence of Cry1Aa Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) toxin in soil

Genetically modified crops, that produce Cry insecticidal crystal proteins (Cry) from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), release these toxins into soils through root exudates and upon decomposition of residues. The fate of these toxins in soil has not yet been clearly elucidated. Persistence can be influenced by biotic (degradation by microorganisms) and abiotic factors (physicochemical interactions with soil components, especially adsorption). The aim of this study was to follow the fate of Cry1Aa Bt toxin in contrasting soils subjected to different treatments to enhance or inhibit microbial activity, in order to establish the importance of biotic and abiotic processes for the fate of Bt toxin. The toxin was efficiently extracted from each soil using an alkaline buffer containing a protein, bovine serum albumin, and a nonionic surfactant, Tween 20. The marked decline of extractable toxin after incubation of weeks to months was soil-dependent. The decrease of extractable toxin with incubation time was not related to microbial degradation but mainly to physicochemical interactions with the surfaces that may decrease immunochemical detectability or enhance protein fixation. Hydrophobic interactions may play an important role in determining the interaction of the toxin with surfaces.     

野外固定及其在真菌学研究中的重要性

应用多聚甲醛溶液在野外对三十多种真菌进行了即时固定。通过扫描电镜和适射电镜观察表明，多种真菌超微结构都能得到良好的固定。证明多聚甲醛溶液是一种良好的真菌野外固定剂。就野外固定在真菌学研究中的重要性进行了讨论。     

Effect of post treatment temperature and humidity conditions on fixation performance of CCA-C treated red pine and southern pine

introductionWaterbornepreservativesareamajorcomponentofthewood-treatingindustrybecauseoftheireaseofapplication,lowcost,andthecleanappearanceofthewoodattertreatment.Theuseofchromatedcopperarsenate(CCA)preservativesintheUSAhasgrownfroma14%shareofthewoodpreservativesmarketin1977to73%in1987(Micklewright1993).ThisismainlyduetotheincreasinguseofCCAtreatedwoodasdecksandoutdoorstructures.ThewaterbornepreservativeCCAhasbecomeoneofthemosteffectivetreatmentsforNorthAmericanwoodproduCts,usedinapplic…