大丽轮枝菌粗毒素在棉花根冠细胞生物学测定方法上的研究

在棉花根冠细胞生物测定过程中,棉花黄萎病病菌通过提纯复壮而达到较强的侵染能力,并制备出较多的黄萎病菌粗毒素。介绍了粗毒素的简易制备、根冠细胞培养与制备过程以及染色过程中染色剂的选择、染色时间的长短。实验与传统方法相比有几点改进:总结出细胞振荡时间在1~2 min之内;之后黑暗条件下静置培养2~6 h;选用pH为6.5的0.01%中性红染色3~5 min,之后加入一滴0.2%伊文思兰染色,伊文思兰的染色时间应严格掌握在3min以内等,为根冠细胞测定方法的推广提供了一定的理论支持。     

高效液相色谱法测定油茶肉质果、肉质叶的维生素C

用高效液相色谱法测定油茶肉质果、肉质叶维生素C的含量.采用YWG-C18(10μm,4.6mm×250mm i.d.)色谱柱,以0.02 M醋酸钠缓冲液-甲醇为流动相,在254 nm波长下检测.回收率为:94.8%～101.2%.相对标准偏差小于2%.     

The recreational and commercial importance of feral swine in Florida: Relevance to the possible introduction of African swine fever into the U.S.A.

Florida has the largest population of feral swine in the U.S.A. Feral swine have recreational and economic importance to hunters, trappers, taxidermists, and also to dealers who sell feral swine to hunting clubs. Hunters spent over 522 00 man-days hunting feral swine during the 1980–1981 hunting year. They killed nearly 103 000 hogs which they valued at over $58 each, for a total value of nearly $6 million. Trappers caught 25 000 head valued at about $ 700 000, and landowners collected about $1.2 million in hunting lease fees. Taxidermists received about $389 000 in gross income from mounting feral swine. Sales of feral swine to hunting clubs amounted to about $81 000.

Sales of feral swine through commercial livestock auctions were limited to 1620 head valued at only $16 800 in 1980. Thus, feral swine are important to Florida from a recreational standpoint, but not from the perspective of commercial agriculture.

If African swine fever were to enter Florida, there are many socio-economic factors associated with feral swine that must be carefully evaluated for eradication to be successful.     

Effect of ginger supplementation on developmental toxicity induced by fenitrothion insecticide and/or lead in albino rats

Evaluation of the antioxidant and antiteratogenic role of ginger Zingiber officinale polyphenols against the toxicity induced by fenitrothion and/or lead in female albino rats were investigated. Adult virgin females were divided into 8 groups and were orally treated as follow: control (C), 1% w/w of ginger (G), 120 μg/animal lead as lead acetate (L), 10 mg/kg of fenitrothion (F), lead (120 μg/animal) fenitrothion (10 mg/kg) (LF), ginger (1%w/w) + fenitrothion (10 mg/kg) (GF), ginger (1%w/w) + lead (120 μg/animal) (GL), ginger (1%w/w) + lead (120 μg/animal) + fenitrothion (10 mg/kg) (GLF). Treatments were expanded for 28 days before pregnancy and during gestation period from zero to 6th day. Blood samples were taken at the day 20th of gestation and animals were sacrificed to investigate the effect of tested substances on dams and development of their fetuses. Inhibition in AchE in (F) and (LF) groups and elevation in plasma AchE in (L) groups were observed. Elevation in oxidative stress biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA) was recorded in all intoxicated groups concomitants with reduction in total reduced glutathione (GSH) and reduction in the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST). Elevation in liver function biomarkers alanin amintransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and reduction in plasma total protein and albumin were recorded in (F), (L) and (LF). Supplementation with ginger in diet attenuates the alteration in MDA, GSH, GST, ALT and AST, however, it failed to counteract the effect of F, L and LF on AchE, total protein and albumin. Significant alterations in maternal toxicity were recorded in (GF, GL, LF and GLF) compared with control group. Also, parameters of embryotoxicity and fetotoxicity indicated significant decrease in litter number that observed in F and L and the number of dead fetus/dam and litters number increased in L group. Supplementation with ginger decreased each of the number of died fetus, growth retardation and fetal length, while, it increased fetal weight. As regards to, teratological aspects, the percentage of skeletal malformations and visceral anomalies were observed in all feti obtained from treated groups with different percentages. Supplementation with ginger slightly attenuates the developmental toxicity of fenitrothion and/or lead.     

氮磷钾肥配施对腰果无性系FL30增产效果的研究

通过连续3年对海南省陵水县英州镇腰果无性系FL30果园进行生产性水平施肥试验和氮磷钾肥配施的正交施肥试验对植株增产效果的研究,结果表明:单一施氮肥而不施磷钾肥,无增产效果;氮磷钾肥配施能显著地促进植株生长和提高腰果产量;在植株盛花坐果期(注:腰果植株的盛花和坐果是同时期的),氮素是影响腰果产量的主要营养元素,叶片氮素含量与植株腰果产量呈直线显著正相关;在低氮情况下,施磷钾肥的增产效果不明显。     

施肥对失管腰果植株生长和产量的影响

2005～2007年在海南省东方市新龙镇已失管5a的腰果无性系FL30果园进行施肥管理,开展NPK L9(34)正交设计施肥试验,研究施肥对植株恢复生长和增产效果的影响.结果表明:氮磷钾肥配施明显地促进植株恢复生长和提高腰果产量;初花期和盛花坐果期,氮素是影响腰果产量的重要营养元素,试验第1,2年植株叶片氮素含量与腰果产量分别呈现直线极显著正相关和直线显著正相关;在低氮条件下,施磷钾肥的增产效果不明显.     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Ferula glauca L. (F. communis L. subsp. glauca) growing in Marche (central Italy)

The essential oil obtained from different parts of Ferula glauca L. (formerly considered as a subspecies of F. communis) growing in Marche (central Italy), was analyzed for the first time by GC-FID and GC-MS. The major volatiles were (E)-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide in leaves, alpha-pinene, myrcene and germacrene D in flowers, alpha- and beta-pinene in fruits, (E)-beta-farnesene, myristicin and elemicin in roots, respectively. The differences in composition detected with respect to F. communis, made the volatile fraction a reliable marker to distinguish between them, and confirm the botanical data at the base of their discrimination. Furthermore, the oil was assayed for its antimicrobial activity by the broth microdilution method. B. subtilis was found to be the most sensitive microorganism, with the lowest MIC values.     

In vitro proliferation and minimum growth storage of fraser photinia: Influences of different medium,sugar combinations and culture vessels

Protocols for the in vitro proliferation and storage of fraser photinia were developed by comparing 6-benzyladenine (BA) concentrations (0.5–4 mg/L) together with different media formulations [Murashige and Skoog (MS) media and Quoirin and Lepoivre (QL) media], sugar combinations (sucrose and mannitol), culture vessels (baby food jars and vitrovents) and methods (synthetic seed technology and slow growth storage). The best responses in terms of both proliferation percentage and multiple shoot formation were obtained in QL medium containing 1 mg/L BA. Synthetic seed production was optimized by encapsulating shoot apices in 3% sodium alginate. Encapsulated shoot apices could be maintained up to 6 months at 4 °C in dark with 91.6% sprouting in MS medium. Microshoots were stored at 4 °C up to 15 months on sucrose and mannitol containing QL medium in both baby food jars and vitrovents without subculture. The stored material could be recovered and multiplied normally in 1 mg/L BA supplemented QL medium. Both in vitro propagated and conserved microshoots were rooted (∼75%) on QL medium with 1 mg/L indole butyric acid (IBA). Optimized synthetic seed and slow growth storage system can be used for short and medium-term storage of fraser photinia germplasm.     

沙冬青根瘤菌固氮酶基因nifH PCR-RFLP分析

利用固氮基因nifH PCR扩增,nifH PCR-RFLP及扩增产物序列分析方法对分离自宁夏和内蒙古部分地区的沙冬青根瘤菌代表菌株的nifH 进行了遗传多样性和系统发育分析.结果表明,在80%相似水平上42株根瘤菌nifH PCR-RFLP基因图谱中有5个基因型聚类群.对不同基因型代表菌株的nifH PCR产物进行序列测定和系统发育关系分析,测试菌株在系统发育地位上与中慢生根瘤菌和中华根瘤菌相近,测试菌株与温带中慢生根瘤菌(Mesorhizobium temperatum isolate HAMBI 2583)序列相似性范围为95.6%～96.9%,与草木樨中华根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium meliloti strain CCBAU10062)基因序列相似性范围为99.8%～100%,基因序列同源性较高.本研究中nifH基因所揭示的沙冬青根瘤菌遗传多样性和系统发育关系说明沙冬青根瘤菌受染色体基因背景、地理环境以及菌株个体的进化而存在一定的差异.     

秦巴山区银杏茶和银杏叶中黄酮含量测定方法的比较

[目的]比较秦巴山区银杏茶和银杏叶中黄酮含量的测定方法。[方法]以秦巴山区银杏茶和银杏叶为材料,通过高效液相色谱法（HPLC）、紫外分光光度法（UV）、荧光分光光度法（FL）对其中的黄酮（flavones）含量进行了测定和分析。[结果]采用高效液相色谱法分析,该批样品黄酮含量为1.15%～3.09%;采用荧光分光光度法检测黄酮含量为1.22%～4.54%;紫外分光光度法检测黄酮含量为3.47%～10.5%。采用高效液相与荧光分析的检测结果差异不显著,紫外检测结果为其他分析结果的3倍。同时以银杏黄酮为指标,采用高效液相色谱法测定秦巴山区银杏茶中黄酮含量为2.65%。[结论]高效液相分析检测定性、定量准确,优势明显;紫外分光光度法检测方便,快捷,适合于企业质量检控。